The Facts on File Companion to British Poetry Before 1600
She is untruthful, opportunist, frigid, and insensitive. In particular, Mary contrasts Jean’s deceptiveness with her own constan ...
CANTERBURY TALES (1478). Being in England made it easier for Caxton to acquire texts already written in English. Although he occ ...
more cause to lament me, / Since wanting is more woe than too much having” (ll. 17–20). A subset of sonnets are included on the ...
destroyed: “In vaine thou kindlest all thy smokie fi re” (l. 11). These lines show growth as the poet construes his struggles as ...
CHARMS Anglo-Saxon charms were short texts containing recipes for curing or preventing a variety of maladies, both physical and ...
appointed justice of the peace, and was elected to Par- liament; Philippa died around 1387. Chaucer returned to London by 1389, ...
Musicologists disagree as to whether this folk song should be categorized as a carol or an early ballad. Its Nativity setting se ...
the full import of Tristan’s brief inscription. It has also been suggested that Tristan used OGHAM, a runic writ- ing that would ...
before and in the name of God; the sacredness of the vow placed a heavier burden on the Christian knight than did any secular oa ...
of redefi ning the past, as well as a way of criticizing contemporary morals and behavior. As used in poems, chivalry can be bot ...
that they were popular with audiences, writers seemed to fi nd them embarrassingly archaic and condemned them for celebrating vi ...
the general term, the “Matter of Antiquity.” Until GEOF- FREY CHAUCER and JOHN GOWER, who wrote in the 14th and 15th centuries, ...
into English, also incorporated chivalrous elements. Perhaps the earliest English adaptation of the Alexan- der story is in the ...
Wallace, David, ed. The Cambridge History of Medieval Eng- lish Literature. Cambridge: University Press, 1999. Candace Gregory-A ...
the sinfulness of homosexual coupling. To rid these cit- ies of their sins, God wreaks his vengeance and reduces them to ashes. ...
a divine meeting of souls. This playful tone continues in the second stanza, where the poet, hoping to enter- tain his mistress ...
FURTHER READING Davenport, W. A. Chaucer: Complaint and Narrative. Cam- bridge: D.S. Brewer, 1988. Yeager, R. F. “Chaucer’s ‘To ...
pretense. Venus ends the interview by charging Amans to undergo a pseudo-sacramental confession: “Unto my prest, which comth ano ...
Book 4 is exceptional for its comparative lack of interest in its sin, Sloth. The forcefulness with which it condemns Sloth in l ...
Amans’s “retret” from earthly love as the imperative to which the entire poem leads; with this view, we must understand Genius i ...
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