Encyclopedia of Chemistry

amino acid 9, 11, 11 – 12,12,
167
in genetic code 117
in motif 188
amino acid residue 12, 26
amino group (–NH 2 ) 12
ammonia 10, 24, 121
ammonium potassium salt 73
amorphous solid 12
AMP, cyclic 66
ampere 12
amphipathic molecule 12
amphiphilic 12 – 13
amphiprotic solvent 13
amphoteric 11, 13
amphoterism 13
AM radio 90
amu (atomic mass unit) 20
anabolism 13
anaerobe 13, 199
anaerobic 13,23, 72
analog 13,16, 58
analog signal 76
anation 13
anchimeric assistance. See
neighboring-group
participation
anemia 13
anesthesia 33
angle 71
anion 13
anion radical. Seeradical ion
aniontropic rearrangement
13
anisotropy 94
annelation 13
annulation 13 – 14
annulene 14
anode 14,14, 89
ansiotropy 13, 150
antagonist 14
antarafacial 14, 14 – 15,89,
89
anti 15, 15
antiaromatic. Seearomatic
antibody 2, 15 – 16,42, 138
antibonding orbital 16
antiferromagnetic. See
ferromagnetic
antifreeze peptides 184
antigen 1, 16,63, 138
antigenic determinant. See
epitope
antihistamine 32–33, 129
anti-Markownikoff addition
antigen 16
antimetabolite 16
antimony 177

antineutrino 26

antisense molecule 16

antiviral drugs 7

aphotic zone 16

apoprotein 16

aprotic solvent 16

aquation 16

aqueous solution 17

archaea 17,23, 177

archaeology 40

arene 19

arginine 96

argon 194

aromatic 17,19, 72, 130, 153

aromatic hydrocarbons 17

Arrhenius, Svante August 17,

17 – 19

Arrhenius equation 18

arsenic 177

arthritis 119, 153–154

artificial transmutation 19

aryl group 19

aryne 19, 25

ascorbate 108

asexual reproduction 27

asparagine 118

assimilation 19

assimilative. Seeassimilation

assimilator. Seeassimilation

associated ions 19

association 19

astronomy 43

asymetric carbon 19

asymetric induction 19

asymetric synthesis 19

asymmerty parameter 19

atmosphere 19,28, 40, 83,

102

atom 19,20,60, 91

atomic mass unit (amu) 20

atomic number 20,164, 210

atomic orbital 16, 20

atomic radius 20

atomic weight or mass 20,

111

atomization 125

Atoms for Peace Award 174

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

20

and cellular respiration

43

and chemiosmosis 49

and cyclic AMP 66

and dynein 86

and electron-transport

chain 94–95

and facultative

anaerobes 105

and ion pumps 144

and mitochondria 180

ATP synthase (proton

translocating ATPase) 20

atropine 82

attachment 20 – 21, 21

aufblau 21

auranofin 119

aurora borealis 18

autacoid 21

autocatalytic reaction 21

autoionization 21

automerization. See

degenerate rearrangement

automobile 162

autophytic 21

autoprotolysis 21

autoprotolysis constant 21

autoreceptor 21

autotrophic organism 21

An Autumn Gleaning(Dale)

69

auxins 21

auxotroph 21

A value 21 – 22

Avogadro’s law 22

Avogadro’s number 22

azacarbene. Seenitrene

azene. Seenitrene

azurin 22

azylene. Seenitrene

B

bacillariophyceae 75

background radiation 23

Bacon, Francis Thomas 133

bacteria 23

anaerobic 13

and azurin 22

and fermentation 108

methanogenic 105

prehistoric 66

reproduction of 27

toxins in 102

bacteriochlorophyll 23

Baeyer, Adolf von 109

Baldwin’s rules 23

Balmer series 23

bananas 100

band theory of metals 23 – 24

Banting, Frederick Grant 24

bar (unit of pressure) 24

barometer 24, 172

barrier, intrinsic 142

basalt 24

base 24

Bronsted 34

in conjugate pairs 58

gas-phase 115

hard 124

basement membrane 53

base pairing 24

base pair substitution 24 – 25

basic anhydride 25

basicity constant. Seeacidity

constant

basicity function. Seeacidity

function

basic oxide 25

basic salt 25

basic solution 25

The Basis of Sensation

(Adrian) 6

bathochromic shift 25

bathyal zone 25

batteries 85, 85,112, 113,

162, 220

Baumé, Antoine 133

bauxite 25

beans 23, 56, 193

Beaty, Theresa 57

beer 108

Beer, August 25

Beer-Lambert law 25

Bell-Evans-Polyani principle

25

benthic zone 25

benzene 17, 132, 153

benzyne 19, 25

Berg, Paul 25 – 26

Bernstein, Julius 74

Best, Charles 24

beta (β)band 67

beta (β) decay 26

beta (β) particle 26, 91

beta (β)rays 122, 144

beta (β) sheet 26

beta (β) strand 26

beta (β) turn 26

bifunctional catalysis 26

bifunctional ligand 26

bimolecular reaction 26

binary acid 27

binary compound 27

binary fission 27

binding constant. See

stability constant

binding energy 27

binding site 27

binomial (name) 27

binuclear 27

bioaccumulation 27

bioassay 27, 214

bioavailability 27

biocatalyst 27

Index 327