Digestioncontinued
feed 217
fibre 217
lipid 97–102
models 341–343
rate 323
of solid feeds
piglets 413
vessels 212, 215–216
Digestive dysfunction 390–392
Digestive tract
clearance 312
passage 413
DNA 9, 13–14, 27, 68
Dominance 367–372
hierarchy 367, 372
order/rank 372
Dopamine 386
Dosage 69
Dry matter
intake 366, 367, 369
primiparous cows 367
Drying
feeds 236
Dynamics
digestion 335–337
leucine metabolism 30–31
3-methylhistidine metabolism 37–42
trace elements 161–180
Dysprosium 261, 262, 269
Eicosanoids 114–115, 116
Effective degradability 243–244
Efficacy
dietary supplements 399
feed enzymes 407–419
heat-treatment of feeds 398–399
management measures 399
phenethanolamines 66–85
Efficiency
metabolic 158
ruminant metabolism 142
Efflux
ruminal 351–356
Electron transport 136–138
Emesis 390, 398
Endogenous energy loss (EEL) 308–310, 312–314
Energy 4, 5, 6
balance 310–311
assays 310
collection of droppings 311
production 156–157
requirements 150
Enterocytes 4, 5, 7, 127, 128, 130, 392
Enterohepatic circulation 99
Enzyme(s)
activity
concentration effects 418
fibre-degrading enzymes 250, 407
intestinal 413
measurement in feed 420
microbial 237, 250
pancreatic 413
phytase 407–409
proteases 409
reduction 419
retention 419–420
variations 237
-amylase 124–127, 130, 132, 413, 415
application methods 416–417
avicelase 237
cellulase 132, 218, 247, 406, 416, 417, 418
dietary supplements for
broilers 409–411
layers 411–412
pigs 412–414
ruminants 416–419
effects on milk production and composition 417
efficacy 407–419
-glucanase 406, 412, 413, 419–420
glutathione peroxidase 178
in feeds
application 416–417
efficacy 407–419
future prospects 421
heat stability 417, 419
measurement of activity 420
mechanisms of action 406
shelf life 419
lipase 98
lipogenic 75
maltase 125, 126, 127
membrane 127
microbial 234, 238
pentosanase 406, 410, 413
peptidases 27
preparations 406
proteases 127
proteolytic 76
saccharidases 126, 127
sucrase 125, 126, 127
trehalase 125, 126
Epinephrine 78
Equids 142
Equine leukoencephalomalacia 391
Equol 389, 397
Erbium 261
Ergovaline 388
Escape
feed residues
age-dependent rate (e) 335, 341
age-independent rate (k 2 ) 341
mean age-dependent rate (–) 335
mean effective rate (^2 UF –e) 336, 347, 348
ruminal 344
Ethanol-insoluble residue 223
Europium 261
Exchanges
bag and rumen 236–240Facial eczema 391
Factors affecting
efficacy of feed enzymes 407–419
feed intake 320, 324, 335–361
feeding behaviour 366–380
gas measurements 213–214
ileal digestibility values 285–302
in saccodata 234–244
mimosine metabolism 388–389
NIRS data 186–205
phenethanolamine efficacy 67–70
Fatty acid
absorption 98–99
activation 99, 109
binding proteins 98
branched-chain 106
composition of tissues and milk 107–108
desaturation 106, 113–115
digestibility 99, 102
elongation 106, 113–115
essential 113–115
esterification 99, 106–107, 109, 112–113
gene expression 112, 115
mitochondrial oxidation 109–111, 115
mobilization 108–109
odd-carbon number 106
peroxisomal oxidation 111–112
synthesis seeLipogenesis
unsaturated 100, 108, 113–115
Fatty liver 113
Feed
competition for 367–371
degradation
kinetics 220–221, 234, 240–244, 247
rate 234–236
drying 236
enzymes 405–421
in aquaculture 414–416
grinding 234–236
intake 164, 200, 228, 319–332, 335–361, 366, 369,
373, 374
nutrient requirement driven 347, 359430 Index