Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research and Everyday Experience, 3rd Edition
Perception Starts at the Receptors: Bottom-Up Processing • 51 BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING: BEHAVIORAL The idea that neurons fi re to in ...
52 • CHAPTER 3 Perception Figure 3.5b shows an example in which the corners and inter- sections of the fl ashlight’s geons are c ...
Beyond Bottom-Up Processing • 53 the background (blue arrows). In addition, other signals, which are associated with a person’s ...
54 • CHAPTER 3 Perception overlaps the tracks. Thus, the relationship of the creatures to the railroad tracks provides informati ...
Beyond Bottom-Up Processing • 55 ●FIGURE 3.11 (a) Viewing two quarters held at diff erent distances. (b) Positioning the two qua ...
56 • CHAPTER 3 Perception PERCEIVING ODOR INTENSITY: TAKING SNIFFING INTO ACCOUNT Imagine that you are given the following instr ...
Using Knowledge: Top-Down Processing • 57 Using Knowledge: Top-Down Processing We will now consider some further examples of how ...
58 • CHAPTER 3 Perception make about the environment. This theory was proposed to account for our ability to create perceptions ...
Using Knowledge: Top-Down Processing • 59 as to follow the smoothest path. Also, objects that are overlapped by other objects ar ...
60 • CHAPTER 3 Perception accurately refl ect what is happening in the environment. This is similar to Helmholtz’s likelihood pr ...
Using Knowledge: Top-Down Processing • 61 ● FIGURE 3.22 The Forest Has Eyes by Bev Doolittle (1984). Can you fi nd 13 faces in t ...
62 • CHAPTER 3 Perception THE GESTALT “LAWS” ARE “HEURISTICS” Although the Gestalt psychologists called their princi- ples laws ...
Using Knowledge: Top-Down Processing • 63 accurate perception, it is potentially slow and therefore risky (what if the object ac ...
64 • CHAPTER 3 Perception but a pattern like the circles that are light on the bottom would be created by an indenta- tion in a ...
Using Knowledge: Top-Down Processing • 65 meaning is often related to what happens within a scene. For example, food prepara- ti ...
66 • CHAPTER 3 Perception This effect of semantic knowledge on our ability to perceive was illustrated in an experiment by Steph ...
Neurons and Knowledge About the Environment • 67 the nature of the environment, and perception by showing that there are neurons ...
68 • CHAPTER 3 Perception EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT PLASTICITY The brain is changed, or “shaped,” by its exposure to the environment ...
Reaching for a Cup: The Interaction Between Perceiving and Taking Action • 69 Gauthier then gave her participants extensive trai ...
70 • CHAPTER 3 Perception consider how movement helps us perceive, and how movement and perception interact with one another. MO ...
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