800 APPENDIX B DRUG FORMULARY
Drug name (trade orother names)Pharmacology andindicationsAdverse effects andprecautionsDosing information andcommentsFormulationsDosage (unlessotherwise indicated,dose is the same fordogs and cat)Nitrofurantoin(Macrodantin, Furalan,Furatoin, Furadantin,and generic)Antibacterial drug. Urinaryantiseptic. Action is viareactive metabolites thatdamage DNA. Therapeuticconcentrations arereached only in the urine.Not to be used forsystemic infections.Adverse effects includenausea, vomiting, anddiarrhea. Turns urine colorrust-yellow brown. Do notadminister duringpregnancy.Two dosing forms exist.Microcrystalline is rapidlyand completely absorbed.Macrocrystalline(Macrodantin) is moreslowly absorbed andcauses less GI irritation.Urine should be at acidicpH for maximum effect.Administer with food toincrease absorption.Macrodantin andgeneric: 25, 50,100 mg capsules;Furalan, Furatoin,and generic: 50,100 mg tablets;Furadantin: 5 mg/mLoral suspension.10 mg/kg/day divided intofour daily treatments,then 1 mg/kg at night po.Nizatidine (Axid)Histamine H2 blockingdrug. Same as cimetidine,except up to 10×
morepotent. Inhibits acidsecretioninstomach.Used for ulcers andgastritis.Side effects fromnizatidine have not beenreportedinanimals.Results of clinical studiesin animals have not beenreported. Use in animals(and doses) based onexperience in people oranecdotal experience inanimals. Nizatidine andranitidine have beenshown to stimulate gastricemptying and colonicmotility viaanticholinesterase activity.150, 300 mgcapsules.Dog: 2.5–5 mg/kg q24hpo.Norfloxacin (Noroxin)Fluoroquinoloneantibacterial drug. Sameaction as ciprofloxacin,except spectrum ofactivity is not as broad aswith enrofloxacin orciprofloxacin.Adverse effects have notbeen reported in animals.Some effects are expectedto be similar tocipro/enrofloxacinadministration.Use in animals (and doses)based on pharmacokineticstudies in experimentalanimals, experience inpeople, or anecdotalexperience in animals.400 mg tablets.22 mg/kg q12h po.