HUMAN BIOLOGY

DNa, GeNes, aND BioteChNoloGy 415 What is recombiNaNt DNa? Recombinant DNA combines the DNA from different species. Recombinant ...

416 Chapter 21 21.9 DNA sequencing Determining the order of nucleotides in DNA, typically using a supercomputer. genomics The st ...

DNa, GeNes, aND BioteChNoloGy 417 DNA chip A glass plate containing a microscopic array of DNA sequences. What has the humaN geN ...

418 Chapter 21 DNA fingerprint A DNA profile used in criminal investigations. DNA profile A set of repeated DNA fragments unique ...

DNa, GeNes, aND BioteChNoloGy 419 hoW Do scieNtists apply biotechNology to issues of coNcerN to humaNs? Biotechnology is used i ...

420 Chapter 21 What types of NoNhumaN orgaNisms have beeN bioeNgiNeereD? Scientists have created transgenic bacteria, plants, a ...

DNa, GeNes, aND BioteChNoloGy 421 to date many clones have developed serious health problems and have aged much more rapidly tha ...

422 Chapter 21 expLoreon your own In some parts of the world about 140 million children under the age of 6 suf- fer blindness an ...

DNa, GeNes, aND BioteChNoloGy 423 A base triplet in an mRNA molecule is a codon. A given combination of codons specifies the ami ...

424 Chapter 21 The Human Genome Project examined the DNA of only a few people. In fact, about 80 percent of the gene sequences i ...

This chapter draws on what you have learned about cell structure (3.2) and the cell cycle (18.2). Our discussion here also relat ...

426 Chapter 22 n As genes switch on and off, they determine when and how fast the cell will grow and divide, when it will stop d ...

Genes and disease: CanCer 427 Why does a cell become cancerous? Cancer develops when genetic mutations remove normal controls o ...

428 Chapter 22 Cancer, a Genetic disease it may be converted into an oncogene—a gene that does not respond to the control signal ...

Genes and disease: CanCer 429 What triggers cancer? Cancer typically develops due to mutations in oncogenes or proto-oncogenes. ...

430 Chapter 22 FOCUS ON OUr eNvirONmeNt Cancer risk from environmental Chemicals 22.3 this ames test uses Salmonella bacteria as ...

Genes and disease: CanCer 431 hoW is cancer categoriZed and named? Cancer is categorized and named according to the tissue wher ...

432 Chapter 22 medical imaging Methods such as MRI, X-rays, and ultrasound that are used to obtain an inter- nal view of the bod ...

Genes and disease: CanCer 433 hoW is cancer diagnosed? Preliminary procedures for diagnosing cancer include blood tests for sub ...

434 Chapter 22 adjuvant therapy Cancer therapy that combines sur- gery with chemotherapy. chemotherapy Use of anticancer drugs t ...