Exotic Brome-Grasses in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems of the Western US

360 12.5.2.4 Monitor, Evaluate, and Adjust Monitoring is essential to determine the effectiveness of restoration strategies and ...

361 framework. Recent advances in seasonal forecasting technology may reduce uncertainty in the prediction of restoration activi ...

362 Stavi et al. 2008 ). Further research is needed to specifi cally address how various control methods alter soil surface attr ...

363 Brown CS (eds) Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the Western USA: causes, consequences, and management ...

364 Brown CS (eds) Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the Western USA: causes, consequences, and management ...

365 Duncan CA, Jachetta JJ, Brown ML et al (2004) Assessing the economic, environmental, and societal losses from invasive plant ...

366 Hardegree SP, Jones TA, Roundy BA et al (2011) Assessment of range planting as a conservation practice. In: Briske DD (ed) C ...

367 Keeley JE, McGinnis TW (2007) Impact of prescribed fi re and other factors on cheatgrass persis- tence in a Sierra Nevada po ...

368 Miller RF, Chambers JC, Pellant M (2014) A fi eld guide for selecting the most appropriate treatment in sagebrush and Pinyon ...

369 Pyke DA, Shaff SE, Lindgren AI et al (2014) Region-wide ecological responses of arid Wyoming big sagebrush communities to fu ...

370 Thacker E, Ralphs MH, Monaco TA (2009) Seeding cool- season grasses to suppress broom snake- weed ( Gutierrezia sarothrae ), ...

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 371 M.J. Germino et al. (eds.), Exotic Brome-Grasses in Arid and Semiarid E ...

372 management decisions; and (c) provide insight into the consequences of predicted local climate change effects on ecological ...

373 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service’s (NRCS) “ecological site descrip- tion” (ESDs) system. Each ecological site rep ...

374 Fig. 13.1 (a) Conceptual state-and-transition model for NRCS ecological site R028AY307UT A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis gro ...

375 13.2.2 Transitions The other fundamental component of a conceptual STM are transitions representing either succession betwee ...

376 composition of an ecological system (e.g., loss of aspen clones caused by prolonged fire exclusion or excessive herbivory) o ...

377 13.2.4 State-and-Transition Simulation Models STSMs begin with conceptual models, such as the ones described above. Before t ...

378 (Westoby et al. 1989 ) and NRCS ( 2003 ). Despite these nearly independent paths, both groups approached state-and-transitio ...

379 of spatially explicit modeling, a compelling question or objective justifying the need to do spatially explicit modeling sho ...