Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

473 27 200 μm Ni_Cr_Co Ni Cr Co . Fig. 27.3 Elemental mapping, with color overlay: Ni = red; Cr = green; Co = blue 5 μm Cr Ni_W_ ...

474 27 27.2 Case Study: Aluminum Wire Failures in Residential Wiring Background: In the early 1970s, aluminum wire was used exte ...

475 27 through the structure until an anomalous region was revealed (. Fig. 27.8). As shown with SEM/BSE imaging and elemen- tal ...

476 27 the damage seen in. Fig. 27.6. (Note that the practical solu- tion to this problem was to modify the wire connections to ...

477 27 BSE Note cracks . Fig. 27.12 SEM/BSE image of a polished cross section; note the cracks Ni Mn O Ni 20 μm Mn O Note cracks ...

478 27 Mn Fe Ni Mn Fe Ni 20 μm . Fig. 27.14 SEM/EDS X-ray spectrum imaging elemental maps for Mn, Fe, and Ni and color overlay ( ...

479 27 . Table 27.1 Fixed-beam analysis at the center of. Fig. 27.12; NIST DTSA II analysis with pure element and microanalysis ...

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482 28 28.1 Origin Cathodoluminescence (CL) is the emission of low energy photons in the range from approximately 1  eV to 5  eV ...

483 28 28.2 Measuring Cathodoluminescence Some materials such as the mineral benitoite and the com- pound ZnS produce such stron ...

484 28 its operation as a high gain (gain ~10^6 ), low noise amplifier. The choice of the photocathode material, which converts ...

485 28 components of the CL emission, repeated scans of the area of interest are made with color filters (red, green, and blue) ...

486 28 emission were investigated by spectral peak fitting. The derived central wavelength map reveals the strain level of the m ...

487 28 a b c d . Fig. 28.10 CL study of GaN structures grown on Si: a SEM SE image (E 0 = 2 keV); b panchromatic CL image; c CL ...

488 28 a c b PbS PbSO 4 E 0 = 15 keV DTSA-II simulation 0.0 0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 ...

489 28 28.3.3 Organic Compounds Despite the general vulnerability of organic compounds to radiation damage under electron bombar ...

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492 29 While amorphous substances such as glass are encountered both in natural and artificial materials, most inorganic mate- r ...

493 29 encountered for an arbitrary orientation of the beam to the crystal is actually the sum of the contributions of many plan ...

494 29 29.1.2 Polycrystalline Materials Most crystalline materials are not single crystals. During solidification from a molten ...