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Evolution of Foraging Strategy Comparison of traits among species is a critical part of investigating adaptations, but it is imp ...
ancestralSteinernema had low or no standing behaviour and a low frequency of jumping, occupied epigeal habitats, was of medium s ...
Bauer, M.E. and Kaya, H.K. (2001) Persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes. In: Bauer, M.E. and Fuxa, J. (eds)Environmental Per ...
populations: a test of the phased infectivity hypothesis.Parasitology118, 499–508. Caraco, T. and Gillespie, R.G. (1986) Risk-se ...
Green, R.F. (1984) Stopping rules for optimal foragers.American Naturalist123, 30–40. Grewal, P.S., Gaugler, R. and Selvan, S. ( ...
Kaya, H.K. and Gaugler, R. (1993) Entomopathogenic nematodes.Annual Review of Entomology38, 181–206. Khlibsuwan, W., Ishibashi, ...
Nguyen, K.B. and Smart, G.C., Jr (1995) Morphometrics of infective juveniles of Steinernemaspp. andHeterorhabditis bacteriophora ...
Sexton, S.B. and Williams, P. (1981) A natural occurrence of parasitism of Graphognathus leucoloma(Boheman) by the nematodeHeter ...
Waage, J.K. (1979) Foraging for patchily-distributed hosts by the parasitoid, Nemeritis canescens.Journal of Animal Ecology48, 3 ...
Flexibility in Host-search and Patch-use Strategies Flexibility in Host-search and 3 Patch-use Strategies of Insect Parasitoids ...
leading role in the biological control of insect pests. In natural ecosystems they also play a crucial role, both in number of s ...
This flexibility in behaviour is strikingly common in insect parasitoids and allows them to adaptively respond to crucial variat ...
in host acceptance and what determines patch-leaving decisions. Since the audience is a general one, we have chosen not to exten ...
wind-tunnels or flight set-ups or under field conditions. Naïve animals are often used as a control, or animals that have experi ...
also learn to prefer the odour of another substrate, but, unlike with the generalistL. heterotoma, visits to these substrates al ...
herbivores. They can do so by increasing their sensory and behavioural ability to perceive the signal, by efficient information- ...
leaves containing non-host herbivores and by spending considerable amounts of time on such leaves. Since most plants in the fiel ...
have been shown to learn colour better than pattern and pattern better than shapes. The strong performance in shape-learning tas ...
sophisticated mechanism called vibrational sounding (Wäckerset al., 1998). During this type of orientation, parasitoids transmit ...
Host Acceptance When a host is found, the female parasitoid’s decision-making continues. Will it accept the host for oviposition ...
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