Genetics of Apoptosis
While all these experiments allow us to correlate different gene activities with the induction of apoptosis, their exact contrib ...
be involved in apoptosis. These results point to a much more complex regulation of p53-induced apoptosis. To sum up, the correla ...
cathepsin D, plays a role in apoptosis induction and even mediates Fas- and TNF- induced apoptosis (Deiss et al., 1996). Catheps ...
of the various genes from this screen along a signaling pathway is still lacking, it is tempting to speculate that DAP-3, which ...
ALG-4 is the gene responsible for upregulating the mRNA of the Fas-ligand. The dominant-negative clone that was isolated diminis ...
single apoptosis inducer, already allow us to grasp the complexity of the signaling events in apoptosis. 2.3 Screening strategy ...
including ZIP kinase (Kawai et al., 1998), NIP3 (Chen et al., 1997), FADD (Chinnaiyan et al., 1995), PERP (Attardi et al., 2000) ...
inducing genes (Ziauddin and Sabatini, 2001). This would allow high-thoughput screening for cell-death inducers, an aim that is ...
number of clones to single genes per transfection. Because an individual transfection is performed for every cDNA clone in a lib ...
Figure 2. Development of the screen for dominant, apoptosis-inducing genes. (a) The original version of the screen comprised the ...
212 ...
12. Caspase-independent cell death Marcel Leist and Marja Jäättelä 1. Introduction Caspase-mediated apoptosis is the death progr ...
and Kuchino, 1999; Leist and Jäättelä, 2001a) (Figure 1). Apoptosis is defined here by chromatin condensation to compact and app ...
chromatin condensation, or at best with chromatin clustering to loose speckles (Leist et al., 1997; Vercammen et al., 1998a, b; ...
2000b; Gingras et al., 2002). Other important apoptosis hallmarks, such as detachment, shrinkage, and zeiosis, can also be prese ...
4. Signaling in caspase-independent PCD Several molecular mediators of classic caspase-mediated apoptosis pathways have been cha ...
Table 1. PCD models not accompanied by effector caspase activation CXCR4, chemokine coreceptor; SAPK, stress-activated protein k ...
Cathepsins participate in both caspase-dependent and -independent PCD induced by a variety of stimuli, including death receptors ...
Table 2. Characteristics of noncaspase proteases involved in progra mmed cell dea th TGF, transforming growth factor; UV, ultrav ...
granzymes by receptor-mediated endocytosis and subsequent perforin-mediated release from endosomes into the cytosol or by diffus ...
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