Plant Tropisms

generate a multicellular body, and proliferate. These cells elongate by polarized growth or tip growth enabling them to extend r ...

7.6 Gravity susception—the initial physical step of gravity sensing A gravisensitive cell must provide the molecular and cellula ...

highly dynamic actin cytoskeleton that is regulated by the concerted action of numerous associated proteins (Braun et al. 2004). ...

which were displaced to different cell regions by optical laser tweezers or by centrifuga- tion revealed the surprising complexi ...

role as an additional passive transport component that contributes to the resting position- ing of statoliths as long as the rhi ...

rounding medium triggers graviperception), graviorientation should be abolished in neutral-buoyancy experiments, whereas an intr ...

ified ciliary stick. It has been suggested that gravity is perceived by bending the ciliary complex, which induces changes in me ...

weight of sedimented statoliths by lateral centrifugation did not enhance the gravitropic response. However, graviperception was ...

site for graviperception. In Parameciumand other ciliates, mechano-sensitive ion chan- nels are distributed in a characteristic, ...

mal noise level (2  10 –21 J). However, for smaller species such as Euglenaor even smaller systems such as human cells (lymphoc ...

toliths sedimented onto the lower subapical cell flank. It is speculated that this reduction is due to a local inhibition of cal ...

come more pronounced (up to 9 μgin the case of Paramecium) (Hemmersbach et al. 1996b; Bräucker et al. 2001). When considering li ...

obviously very different, the presented experimental data reveal that especially the early phases of gravity sensing share commo ...

Braun M. 2001. Association of spectrin-like proteins with the actin-organized aggregate of endo- plasmic reticulum in the Spitze ...

Häder D-P, Hemmersbach R and Lebert M. 2005. Gravity and the Behaviour of Unicellular Organisms.Cambridge, UK: University Press. ...

Lebert M and Häder D-P. 1996. How Euglenatells up from down. Nature379:590. Lebert M, Richter P and Häder D-P. 1997. Signal perc ...

Sievers A, Kramer-Fischer M, Braun M and Buchen B. 1991b. The polar organization of the growing Chararhizoid and the transport o ...

8 Space-Based Research on Plant Tropisms Melanie J. Correll and John Z. Kiss* 161 8.1 Introduction—The Variety of Plant Movement ...

interact with movements induced by other stimuli (Barlow 1995). The relatively strong gravitropic responses of plants can mask c ...

163 Figure 8.1 (also see Color Section). Potential methods to simulate the microgravity environment of low orbit spaceflight. A. ...