Plant Tropisms

els, as expression of PHOT1 (Sakamoto and Briggs 2002; Kong et al. 2006) and several phytochromes (Sharrock and Clack 2002) is d ...

increases light interception by leaves, it also increases the heat load for these plants, which could be disadvantageous, partic ...

totropism and gravitropism is to use the microgravity conditions during spaceflight (Correll et al. 2005; Kiss et al. 2007; see ...

Esch, H., E. Hartmann, D. Cove, M. Wada, and T. Lamparter. 1999. Phytochrome-controlled pho- totropism of protonemata of the mos ...

Kimura, M., and T. Kagawa. 2006. Phototropin and light-signaling in phototropism. Curr. Opin. Plant Sci. 9: 503–508. King, D.A. ...

Mullen, J.L., C. Wolverton, H. Ishikawa, R.P. Hangarter, and M.L. Evans. 2002. Spatial separation of light perception and growth ...

Valladares, R., and F.I. Pugnaire. 1999. Tradeoffs between irradiance capture and avoidance in semi-arid environments assessed w ...

5 Touch Sensing and Thigmotropism Gabriele B. Monshausen, Sarah J. Swanson, and Simon Gilroy* 91 5.1 Introduction The sessile na ...

5.2.1 Specialized touch responses Many plants have highly specialized mechanosensory structures capable of remarkably sensitive ...

hinge region between the lobes (Fagerberg and Allain 1991), rapid turgor loss in motor cells in this region (Hill and Findlay 19 ...

the vasculature. Again, we are still ignorant of the identity of the initial mechanosensor and associated signaling events that ...

expect from such a sensor. Therefore, in the next section we will discuss the principles of mechanoperception that can be derive ...

above, the end result—the altered force distribution at the protein–lipid interface and en- suing activation of the mechanosensi ...

be activated by mechanical force transmitted through their linkage to the cytoskeleton (e.g., TRPA1) (Lin and Corey 2005) and/or ...

ing. Thus, the cytoskeleton may not only act to convey forces to interior regions of the cell by tugging on an attached mechanos ...

The MscL of E. coli is perhaps the best understood of these mechanosensors. Mechanically gated MscL activity was first observed ...

ing forward when the tail is touched. Laser ablation experiments have revealed that six touch receptor neurons are responsible f ...

O’Hagan et al. (2005) were able to show that mechanical stimulation triggers a rapidly ac- tivating mechanoreceptor current that ...

brane from a variety of cell types derived from different tissues in different plant species. Applied pressures of 1 to 10 kPa h ...

5.4 Signal transduction in touch and gravity perception 5.4.1 Ionic signaling From the above discussion, it is clear that a majo ...