Evolution, 4th Edition

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 459 about 15 percent of the families and 47 percent of the genera of marine animals [36]. Ammonoids, rudists ...

460 CHAPTER 17 diversity of fishes took the place of the great Mesozoic marine reptiles. Late in the Cenozoic, modern coral reef ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 461 ground sloths and armadillo-like glyptodonts, some as large as a car, that survived until the late Pleis ...

462 CHAPTER 17 survived through the most recent glaciation, until about 10,000 years ago, and two genera (the African and Indian ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 463 arbitrary whether they are called primates or not. The first monkeys are known from the Oligocene, the f ...

464 CHAPTER 17 These events profoundly affected the distributions of organisms (see Chapter 18). When sea level was lower, many ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 465 geographic distributions resulted from normal processes of dispersal and establish- ment in new favorabl ...

SUMMARy ■■Evidence from living organisms indicates that all living things are descended from a single com- mon ancestor. Some pr ...

trends in marine Metazoa” by A. M. Bush and R. K. Bambach (Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 39: 241–269, 2011). Paleontologist and ...

18_EVOL4E_CH18.indd 468 3/22/17 1:39 PM ...

Some of the most avidly read books of the nineteenth century were the tales that explorers recounted of their travels in exotic ...

470 CHAPTER 18 in an evolutionary context, Wallace and Darwin expanded, and largely cre- ated, a scientific framework for unders ...

THE GEoGRAPHy of EvoluTion 471 Darwin’s “third great fact” is that inhabitants of the same continent or the same sea are related ...

472 CHAPTER 18 that are still widely recognized today (FIGURE 18.2). These realms are the Palearctic (Eurasia and northern Afric ...

Futuyma Kirkpatrick Evolution, 4e Sinauer Associates Troutt Visual Services Evolution4e_1803.ai Date 11-02-2016 (B) (C) (D) (A) ...

474 CHAPTER 18 Historical factors affecting geographic distributions The geographic distribution of a taxon is affected by both ...

THE GEoGRAPHy of EvoluTion 475 habitat. The separated populations diverge, and they often become different subspe- cies, species ...

476 CHAPTER 18 (Populations or species that have been left behind in this way may be called relicts). In this case, dispersal ex ...

THE GEoGRAPHy of EvoluTion 477 inhabit. Most of the fragmentation of Gondwana happened in the Mesozoic (see Figure 17.19C), befo ...

478 CHAPTER 18 see Chapter 9). For example, as a land corridor gradually formed between North America and South America in the l ...