Evolution, 4th Edition

T HE EvoluTion of BiologiCAl DivERsiTy 499 they require specific environments and so may have patchier dis- tributions. Second, ...

500 CHAPTER 19 we would expect if organisms are continually assaulted by new environmental changes, each carrying a risk of exti ...

T HE EvoluTion of BiologiCAl DivERsiTy 501 Both abiotic and biotic environmental conditions were probably very different after m ...

502 CHAPTER 19 Phylogenetic studies of Diversity Zoologists and botanists who study living organisms have long recognized certai ...

T HE EvoluTion of BiologiCAl DivERsiTy 503 The immense diversity of flowering plants (angiosperms), compared with that of other ...

504 CHAPTER 19 significant correlation supports the hypothesis that the ability to eat plants has promoted diversification. More ...

Futuyma Kirkpatrick Evolution, 4e Sinauer Associates Troutt Visual Services Evolution4e_19.15.ai Date 02-02-2017 Spurred Non-spu ...

506 CHAPTER 19 The shapes of phylogenies We can also learn about patterns of diversification through time by studying the phylog ...

T HE EvoluTion of BiologiCAl DivERsiTy 507 an increasing rate of extinction (E), or both. Several methods have been proposed to ...

508 CHAPTER 19 diversity increased. In a similar analysis, John Alroy found evidence that extinction rates (E) were higher if di ...

THE EvoluTion of BiologiCAl DivERsiTy 509 competition, a process called competitive displacement (FIG- U R E 19. 20A). By contra ...

510 CHAPTER 19 declined [40]. By these criteria, the rodents seem to have displaced the multituber- culates (see Figure 19.19B). ...

■■The per taxon rate of diversification equals the rate of origination (or speciation) minus the rate of extinction. Analyses of ...

584–593, 2015), and by D. l. Rabosky and A. H. Hurlbert in “species richness at continen- tal scales is dominated by ecological ...

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In earlier chapters, we have seen that bighorn sheep have evolved smaller horns because of selection imposed by human hunting, a ...

516 CHAPTER 20 especially (1) that adaptive evolution results from natural selection on ran- dom (i.e., not adaptively directed) ...

MACROEvOLuTiON: EvOLuTiON AbOvE THE SPECiES LEvEL 517 The origin of mammals The origin of mammals from earlier amniotes (see F i ...

518 CHAPTER 20 and the Eutheria (placental mammals). The crown Mammalia also includes many extinct groups. Some of the critical ...