Evolution, 4th Edition

■■genetic variation is produced when the genes of two parents are mixed during sexual repro- duction by segregation and recombin ...

SUggESTIonS FoR FURTHER READIng The chapter introduced some of the basic con- cepts of population genetics that we will build on ...

a. For each population, calculate the allele fre- quencies and determine whether the pop- ulation is currently at Hardy-Weinberg ...

05_EVOL4E_CH05.indd 102 3/23/17 9:01 AM ...

Natural selection explains many of the most fascinating things in nature, from the genetic code to the complexities of the human ...

104 CHAPTER 5 Natural Selection and Evolution in Real Time The English have long had an interest in (some might say an obsession ...

THE GENETiCAl THEoRy of NATuRAl SElECTioN 105 studies that have been done on the genetics and ecology of the peppered moth give ...

106 CHAPTER 5 and crops was likely unconscious at first, but it is now practiced with sophisticated statistical methods, and it ...

THE GENETiCAl THEoRy of NATuRAl SElECTioN 107 A key point is that natural selection and evolution are not the same thing. If sel ...

108 CHAPTER 5 who leaves two offspring to the next generation (a fitness of 2). That individual enjoys a huge fitness advantage ...

THE GENETiCAl THEoRy of NATuRAl SElECTioN 109 dark A 2 A 2 homozygotes are well camouflaged, and all of them survive. Selection ...

110 CHAPTER 5 is beneficial. Each copy of this allele that an individual carries increases fitness by a fraction s. This means t ...

THE GENETiCAl THEoRy of NATuRAl SElECTioN 111 genetic variation as measured by p(1 – p) equals 0. The opposite situation is when ...

112 CHAPTER 5 fitness by 0.1 percent, then s = 0.001 and it will take about 4000 generations for A 2 to spread through the popul ...

THE GENETiCAl THEoRy of NATuRAl SElECTioN 113 fitness, selection has little power to increase the frequency of A 2 further, and ...

114 CHAPTER 5 rapid evolution in a wide range of species [34]. While adaptation to changes to the environment caused by humans m ...

THE GENETiCAl THEoRy of NATuRAl SElECTioN 115 critical to calcium metabolism, requires ultraviolet (UV) light. If not enough UV ...

116 CHAPTER 5 where s is the selection coefficient that gives the relative fitness advantage of the mutant heterozygote relative ...

THE GENETiCAl THEoRy of NATuRAl SElECTioN 117 heterozygotes and homozygotes for the Ho+ allele grow normal horns. These alleles ...

118 CHAPTER 5 of hitchhiking is that an allele that does not affect fitness can spread by natural selection. Population genetic ...