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66 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications being represented. Recall that semantics is concerned with the abstraction ...

4.2 The Resource Description Framework 67 Open vs. closed worlds.When evaluating queries it is important to know whether the da ...

68 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications </isStoredIn> </gene> </contains> </locus> The cor ...

4.2 The Resource Description Framework 69 called thepredicate. Together the three resources form astatement, analogous to a stat ...

70 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications speculative, and one could certainly make other choices, all of which woul ...

4.2 The Resource Description Framework 71 mation in many other ways. The document shown in figure 4.5 is equivalent. Both repres ...

72 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications Figure 4.6 RDF graph for a typical Medline citation. Resource nodes are sh ...

4.2 The Resource Description Framework 73 The fundamental relationship between classes in a taxonomy is thesubclass relationship ...

74 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications Range rule.If propertyPhasrangeC, and if the resourceRis linked to resour ...

4.2 The Resource Description Framework 75 However, now the order is lost. The fact that the statements are in the ri ...

76 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications <Protein name="Fumerase"/> </rdf:li> <rdf:li> <Protei ...

4.3 XML Topic Maps 77 To get this kind of list, one only needs to say that therdf:ParseTypeif the property value isCollection. T ...

78 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications <association> <instanceOf> <topicRef xlink:href="#citation- ...

4.4 The Web Ontology Language 79 The RDF languages have a formal semantics. XTM only has a formal metamodel. XTM makes a clear ...

80 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications the additional properties introduced by OWL and the restrictions imposed b ...

4.4 The Web Ontology Language 81 An OWL restriction is a way of specifying a set of things that satisfy some criterion. It is ca ...

82 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="stores"> <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource= ...

4.4 The Web Ontology Language 83 Inference for a theory is conceptually simple. If a statement is true in every possible world, ...

84 4 The Semantic Web and Bioinformatics Applications <owl:Class rdf:ID="Gene"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Restrictio ...

4.4 The Web Ontology Language 85 Reasoning in an open world is sometimes counterintuitive. As an example of this, suppose that w ...