NOTES TO PAGES 289–294 | 511
- Turing (1950), pp. 442, 441, 443.
- C. Thompson, ‘The other Turing test’, Wired, 13(7) (2005); C. Thompson, ‘The female Turing test’,
Collision Detection: Science, Technology, Culture (1 April 2005). - Turing (1951), p. 484. On whether the imitation game is gendered, see B. J. Copeland, ‘The Turing test’,
in J. H. Moor (ed.) The Turing Test: The Elusive Standard of Artificial Intelligence, Kluwer (2003), 1–21. - Turing (1950), p. 449; Turing (1948), p. 431; Turing et al. (1952), pp. 495, 503; Turing (1950), pp. 454,
443, 441. - Turing et al. (1952), p. 495; see Copeland (Note 10).
- On strategic judging in the 2000 contest see Copeland (Note 10), p. 7; J. H. Moor, ‘The status and future
of the Turing test’, in The Turing Test (Note 10), p. 204 (the results of the 2000 contest are set out on
p. 205). For the outcomes of the 2003 contest, see http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html. - Turing (1950), p. 442.
- H. R. T. Roberts, ‘Thinking and machines’, Philosophy, 33(127) (1958), p. 356; R. M. French, ‘Dusting
off the Turing test’, Science, 336 (2012), 164–5, p. 164; T. W. Polger, ‘Functionalism as a philosophi-
cal theory of the cognitive sciences’, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 3(3) (2012),
337–48, p. 338. - Turing (1936) p. 75; Turing (c.1951), p. 472.
- A. D. Ritchie and W. Mays, ‘Thinking and machines’, Philosophy, 32(122) (1957), 258–61, p. 261.
- For more on Turing’s own words concerning his imitation game, see D. Proudfoot, ‘What Turing
himself said about the imitation game’, IEEE Spectrum, 52(7) (2015), 42–7. - Turing (1948), p. 431.
- S. Harnad, ‘Other bodies, other minds: a machine incarnation of an old philosophical problem’, Minds
and Machines, 1 (1991), 43–44, p. 44. - XPRIZE: http://www.xprize.org/prize-development; http://www.xprize.org/TED.
- British Computer Society Machine Intelligence Competition: http://www.bcs-sgai.org/micomp/
index.html. - Excerpts from transcripts provided in K. Warwick and H. Shah, ‘Good machine performance
in Turing’s imitation game’, IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, 99
(2013), 289–99; J. Vincent, ‘Turing test: what is it—and why isn’t it the definitive word in artificial
intelligence?’, The Independent (9 June 2014); http://www.reading.ac.uk/news-and-events/releases/
PR583836.aspx. - http://n4g.com/news/1092379/unreal-bots-beat-turing-test-ai-players-are-officially-more-human-
than-gamers; M. Polceanu, ‘MirrorBot: using human-inspired mirroring behavior to pass a Turing
test’, IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Games (CIG), 11–13 August 2013 (doi: 10.1109/
CIG.2013.6633618). - ‘Marvin Minsky on Singularity 1 on 1: the Turing test is a joke!’ Interview with Nikola Danaylov, 2013
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PdxQbOvAlI); A. Sloman, ‘The mythical Turing test’ (26 May
2010) (http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/misc/turing-test.html); D. McDermott,
‘Don’t improve the Turing test, abandon it’: address to the Towards a Comprehensive Turing Test (TCIT)
workshop, 2010 AISB Convention (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXEB9ctWJp8). - Turing et al. (1952), p. 495; Turing (1950), p. 448; see B.J. Copeland and D. Proudfoot, ‘The legacy of
Alan Turing’, Mind, 108 (1998), 187–95. - R. M. French, ‘Subcognition and the limits of the Turing test’, Mind, 99 (1990), 53–65, p. 53; D. Michie,
‘Turing’s test and conscious thought’, Artificial Intelligence, 60 (1993), 1–22, p. 9; P. R. Cohen, ‘If not
Turing’s test, then what?’, AI Magazine, 26(4) (2005), 61–67, p. 62; N. Block, ‘The mind as the soft-
ware of the brain’, in E. E. Smith and D. N. Osherson (eds), An Invitation to Cognitive Science, Vol. 3
Thinking, 2nd edn, MIT Press (1995), p. 378; P. J. Hayes and K. M. Ford, ‘Turing test considered harm-
f u l ’, IJCAI’95 Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Montreal,
August 1995), Vol. 1, Morgan Kaufman (1995), 972–7, pp. 972, 976; R. M. French, ‘Moving beyond
the Turing test’, Communications of the ACM, 55(12) (2012), 74–7. - Hayes and Ford (Note 27), p. 974; G. Fostel, ‘The Turing test is for the birds’, ACM SIGART Bulletin,
4(1) (1993), 7–8, p. 8.