NOTES TO PAGES 332–341 | 517
- Turing (1953), pp. 574–5.
- Turing et al. (1952), p. 503.
- Turing (1953), p. 575.
- A. L. Samuel, ‘Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers’, IBM Journal of Research
and Development, 3 (1959), 211–29; reprinted in E. A. Feigenbaum and J. Feldman (eds), Computers
and Thought, McGraw-Hill (1963). - For the sake of smooth flow, the piece values have been relocated from their position a few paragraphs
earlier in Turing’s typescript, and the heading ‘Piece values’ has been added. - Glennie quoted in Bell (Note 1), pp. 17–18.
- Turing (1953), p. 573.
- With thanks to Jonathan Bowen and Eli Dresner for supplying the translations into modern notation.
- From The Essential Turing, pp. 573–4.
- B. V. Bowden (ed.), Faster Than Thought, Pitman (1953).
- The chapter ‘Digital computers applied to games’ also contained extensive contributions by Audrey
Bates, Vivian Bowden, and Christopher Strachey. Unfortunately the whole article was mistakenly
attributed to Turing alone in D. C. Ince (ed.), Collected Works of A. M. Turing: Mechanical Intelligence,
Elsevier (1992). - Game 2 is from Bowden (Note 23), p. 293.
- Bell (Note 1), pp. 20–1. Bell also introduced typos.
- Dresner in conversation with Copeland, January 2016.
- D. Michie, ‘Game-playing and game-learning automata’, in L. Fox (ed.), Advances in Programming and
Non-numerical Computation, Pergamon (1966), p. 189. - See further The Essential Turing, pp. 564–5.
- C. Gradwell, ‘Early days’, reminiscences in a newsletter ‘For those who worked on the Manchester Mk
I computers’, April 1994. - D. G. Prinz, Introduction to Programming on the Manchester Electronic Digital Computer, Ferranti Ltd,
Moston, Manchester (28 March 1952). A digital facsimile is in The Turing Archive for the History of
Computing (http://www.AlanTuring.net/prinz). - Prinz programmed the Würfelspiel in collaboration with David Caplin. See C. Ariza, ‘Two pioneering
projects from the early history of computer-aided algorithmic composition’, Computer Music Journal,
35 (2011), 40–56. - Letter from Dietrich Prinz to Alex Bell, 16 August 1975.
- Letter from Prinz to Bell (Note 33).
- W. E. Kühle, D. G. Prinz, and F. Herriger, ‘Magnetronröhre’ [The magnetron tube], German patent
639,572, filed February 1934, issued December 1936; W. E. Kühle, F. Herriger, W. Ilberg, and D. G.
Prinz, ‘Röhrenanordnung unter Verwendung eines durch Nebenschluss regelbaren permanenten
Magneten’ [Setting up tubes by using a permanent magnet adjustable by a shunt], German patent
660,398, filed February 1934, issued May 1938; F. Herriger and D. G. Prinz, ‘Magnetronröhre’
[The magnetron tube], German patent 664,735, filed March 1934, issued September 1938; D. G.
Prinz, ‘Magnetron’, US patent 2,099,533, filed July 1935, issued November 1937; W. E. Kühle, D.
G. Prinz, and F. Herriger, ‘Magnetron’, US patent 2,031,778, filed August 1935, issued February
1936. (With thanks to Giovanni Sommaruga for advice on translating the titles of Prinz’s German
patents.) - See, for example, R. W. Burns, Communications: an International History of the Formative Years,
Institution of Engineering and Technology, London (2004), p. 594. - ‘Collar the lot’ was attributed to Churchill (speaking about Italians in the UK) in a memo of June 1940
by Nigel Ronald of the Foreign Office (NA FO371/25197, ‘Detention of enemy aliens’); see also P. and
L. Gillman, ‘Collar the Lot!’ How Britain Interned and Expelled its Wartime Refugees, Quartet (1980),
pp. 153, 309. - G. Hamilton, ‘How Jewish “enemy aliens” overcame a “traumatic” stint in Canadian prison camps
during the Second World War’, National Post (Canada) (7 February 2014). - Turing, (1940), pp. 320–1.