inherent tendency, test, 289
inhuman punishment, 287 – 9
initiative, 95 , 151 , 154 , 190 , 296 , 303 – 4 , 385
direct, 303 – 4
people’s, 303 – 4
injunctions, 228 , 331
instability, 31 , 36 , 48 , 230
political, 19 , 31 , 99 , 110 , 240
social, 234
institutional design, 399 – 401
institutions, 33 – 6 , 194 – 5 , 199 – 200 , 214 , 269 – 71 ,
366 – 7 , 401 – 8
constitutional, 13 , 85 , 397 , 405 – 6
countermajoritarian, 295
political, 51 , 83 , 195 , 212
religious, 262 , 339
republican, 295 – 6 , 299
state, 79 , 87 , 197 , 231 , 242 , 328 , 388 – 91
integration, 2 , 378 , 389
of armies, 376 , 383 , 386
regional, 408 , 414
integrity, 161 , 172 , 174 , 249 , 292 – 3 , 320 , 346
intellectual property, 112 , 136
intent, 90 , 180 , 273 , 288
legislative, 180
original, 58 , 288 , 347
intention, 13 , 183 , 229 , 252 , 256 – 7 , 259 ,
262 – 3
true, 65 , 116
interest groups, 384 , 388
interference, 137 , 190 – 1 , 213 , 249 , 409
Interim Constitution Drafting Committee
(ICDC), 375 – 6
interim constitutions, 24 , 30 , 235 , 239 , 367 – 9 ,
374 – 5
internal autonomy, 173 , 179 , 190
Internal Security ActseeISA.
international community, 7 , 62 – 3 , 113 , 152 , 155 ,
162 , 223
International Covenant on Civil and Political
RightsseeICCPR.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural RightsseeICESCR.
international norms, 141 , 157 , 393 – 5 , 408
internationalisation, 391 – 415
comparative challenges, 410 – 14
forces for difference, 401 – 9
interpretation, 58 – 60 , 64 – 5 , 145 – 50 , 158 – 9 , 171 – 7 ,
395
judicial, 181 , 288 , 312 , 400
power of, 171 , 177
interracial harmony, 26
intimate relations, public regulation of, 307
intransigence, 388 – 9
investment, 109 , 135 , 156 , 397
foreign, 18 , 38 , 108 – 9 , 112
Iraq, 8 , 55 , 59
ISA (Internal Security Act), 255 – 60 , 274 – 5
Islam, 28 , 262 – 4 , 268 , 322 – 3 , 332 , 335 , 338 – 40
Islamic democracy, 322
Islamic political parties, 323 , 334 – 5
Islamic state, 261 , 263 , 267 , 323
Islamisation, 25 , 244 , 261 – 7 , 269Janaandolan, 375 , 379 , 386 , 388 – 9
Janajatis, 367 , 373 , 385 , 388
Japan, 16 – 18 , 30 , 35 , 52 – 75 , 404 – 6
Article 9
Cabinet Legislation Bureau as main
interpreter, 59 – 62
and SDF (Self-Defense Forces), 57 – 8
Cabinet Legislation Bureau
and conservative politicians, 63 – 5
as main interpreter of Article 9 , 59 – 62
chief justice, 73
constitutional reform and amendment
problem, 53 – 66
Fundamental Law of Education (FLE), 52 , 73 – 4
future prospects, 65 – 6
historical background, 53 – 5
human rights, 66 , 76 , 84 – 5 , 100
judicial review, 18 , 52 , 66 – 73
and Korea, 18 , 75
LDP (Liberal Democratic Party), 18 , 52 – 7 ,
63 – 7 , 73
Meiji Constitution, 7 , 17 – 18 , 67
Meiji reform, 17
reform movements, 55 – 7
SDF (Self-Defense Forces), 55 – 64
and Article 9 , 57 – 8
SDPJ (Social Democratic Party of Japan), 63
Supreme Court, 52 – 3 , 60 , 68 – 74
activism without constitutional argument,
69 – 70
awakening, 70 – 3
conservatism, 66 – 7
method of limiting construction, 67 – 8
Japan Socialist Party (JSP), 54 , 63
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 69 , 310 , 340
Joint Program Support Office (JOPSO), 211
journalists, 274 , 298 , 301 , 333
Joy, Lina, 264 – 5
JSP (Japan Socialist Party), 54 , 63
Jucheideology, 18 , 102 – 3 , 106 , 108
judges, 136 , 180 , 227 , 248 – 50 , 287 – 90 , 327 – 8 , 360 – 1
judicial activism, 26 , 68 , 363
judicial appointments, 167 , 247 , 316
Judicial Commission, 324 – 8 , 341