Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia

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52. TIBETAN BUDDHISM IN MONGOLYUAN CHINA 12061368 Shen Weirong During the Mongol-Yuan period (1271–1368) Tibetan tantric Bud ...

540 shen weirong more systematic surveys of the history of the dissemination of Tibetan tantric Buddhism in the Mongol-Yuan dyna ...

. tibetan buddhism in mongol-yuan china (–) 541 on the lam ’bras Teaching of Virūpa (Miliwoba daoguo juan ) alone cons ...

542 shen weirong When Central Tibet was taken over by Mongol troops during the reign of Möngke Khan (1209–1259), Tibet was divid ...

. tibetan buddhism in mongol-yuan china (–) 543 Mahākāla was thus called the Grand Protective Deity of the Coun- try, ...

544 shen weirong Although it is very clear that lamas of all Tibetan Buddhist tra- ditions were present at the Mongol court, we ...

. tibetan buddhism in mongol-yuan china (–) 545 supreme bliss together with his ten ainak. He wore a hat with the gold ...

546 shen weirong mahāsiddha Virūpa were translated and compiled, though only two volumes survive to today. Three additional text ...

. tibetan buddhism in mongol-yuan china (–) 547 already popular in the Tangut kingdom.^21 The yogic practices of the s ...

548 shen weirong the imperial preceptor’s hall to their home for initiation. They received initiation in their tent and recited ...

. tibetan buddhism in mongol-yuan china (–) 549 Buddhism was demonized as pure sorcery that brought calamity to the co ...

53. TANTRIC BUDDHISM IN MING CHINA Shen Weirong The Ming (1368–1644) was a Han Chinese-dominated regime estab- lished by overthr ...

. tantric buddhism in ming china 551 court. Not only older monasteries such as sNar thang, gSang phu, rTse thang, and Sa skya, ...

552 shen weirong rule that barred Tibetan monks from entering the palace was broken and Tibetan monks were officially permitted ...

. tantric buddhism in ming china 553 bones (relics). Altogether, one hundred and sixty-nine gilt and silver Buddha statues and ...

554 shen weirong teaching” with Tibetan monks.^16 By the mid-Ming, it was even harder to prevent the practice of the secret teac ...

. tantric buddhism in ming china 555 This episode suggests that Tibetan Buddhist rituals had already seeped deep into the cere ...

556 shen weirong chub grags pa from dBus gtsang who “came to China on tributary mission in the thirty-eighth year of Wanli reign ...

. tantric buddhism in ming china 557 Ming grand councilor Zhang Juzheng that was dated on the eighth day of the fourth month i ...