Early Judaism- A Comprehensive Overview

garrison, was certainly more important and cosmopolitan than Jerusalem. Several periods of excavation have uncovered substantial ...

natural spring on the summit, the city was not easy to defend despite strong fortifications (including chamber gates very much i ...

two caves date to the fifth centuryb.c.e., and a gateway was added in the late third centuryb.c.e.In the early second centuryb.c ...

eastern Hellenistic material culture. Hellenism became indigenous to Jew- ish Palestine, embedded in its culture and in the self ...

as well as several huge pools surrounded by gardens, pavilions, and storage facilities. Remains of stucco and wall paintings sho ...

not entirely cut off from outside influence, as glass and some imported ware in the fishermen’s village on et-Tell show. Burial ...

Pottery Pottery is by far the most frequent type of material artifact and therefore extremely important for archaeological analy ...

Alexandrou basileZs). Due to limited variation in iconography and nomen- clature, many questions about precise chronology and ic ...

cause many older excavations in the surrounding necropolises remain poorly published, we know little about the actual living con ...

(underground chambers), most of them used for an entire family. The bodies were placed inloculiorkokhim(niches) hewn into the ro ...

to local pagan culture (if so, then it would be the earliest one excavated in the Diaspora), or the assembly hall of a pagan gui ...

definition or a label applied to them by the city officials who commis- sioned the inscription (IJO2:177-79). Asia Minor For the ...

rusalem, the foundation of military colonies in Trachonitis and Batanea, the construction of the third palace in Jericho, and th ...

new style also appears outside the court, as in the mosaics in the Upper City of Jerusalem and the wall paintings at Yodefat and ...

1949 and 1956, the site was soon identified as a settlement for a group of Essenes who had already been linked to scrolls found ...

{Ein Feshka In an oasis only two kilometers east of Qumran lies{Ein Feshkha. The ce- ramic data indicate that the settlement was ...

Stone Vessels Apart frommiqva}otand synagogues, two other types of objects connected to Jewish religiosity came into use during ...

Menorahs One of the most prominent symbols of Jewish culture and identity is the menorah, the seven-branched candelabrum. Origin ...

the very late first centuryb.c.e.or early first centuryc.e.Imported ware from Italy became available during the middle and latte ...

A number of inscriptions illustrate aspects of worship in the Jerusa- lem Temple and deserve particular attention. One of them w ...