Canada, 36, 62, 170, 171
Changi Naval Base, 179
Chen Shuibian, 109
China: defense budget, 181–82; Defense
White Papers, 112, 177–78; economic
modernization, 183–84; force structure
trends, 1990–2006, 5; GDP growth,
170; German possessions in China
transferred to Japan, 189 n.14; and
global economy, 3; influence of Mahan
on, 163–64, 183; length of coastline, 70;
merchant marine, 58; offshore defensive
operations, 208 n.81; oil imports, 4,
113, 184; reservations about UNCLOS,
65; Shanghai Cooperation Organization,
171, 176; SLOCs, 12, 78–79, 80, 91,
92, 102, 104, 105, 112, 120; southward
shift in, 23–24; Strategic Petroleum
Reserve, 171–72.See alsoChina, as
maritime power; China, oil tanker fleet;
China–Southeast Asia relations
China, as maritime power: access to Galileo
system, 89; amphibious forces, 81–82;
antisatellite capability, 73; antisubmarine
warfare, 79, 80, 84, 91–92, 96–97, 98,
105, 121, 139; base infrastructure, 92–
94; benchmarks of PLAN force
projection, 102–7; budget, 74–75;
C4ISR, 85–90; command, control, and
communications, 103–4; convoy
operations, 201 n.32; DoD report
summary, 74; fast-attack missile craft,
80–81; force structure, PLAN, 74–94;
helicopters, 84; inferences about mod-
ernization plan, 106–7; large-deck avia-
tion, 90–92; latest developments and
assessments, 71–73; microsatellites, 88;
missile destroyers, 163; MIW Forces
training, 97–99; naval mines, 77–79;
operational responses, 104–6; PLAN
doctrine training, 100–102; PLANAF,
82–85; PLANAF training, 99–100;
research institutes, 93–94; SAMs, 86–
87; satellite buses, 88; satellite navigation
systems, 88–89; sea mines, 77–79; ship-
building capacity, 3–4; submarine force,
75–77; submarine force training, 96–97;submarines, 75–77; surface ships, 79–
81; surface-to-air missiles, 86–87; train-
ing, 94–102; unmanned aerial vehicle,
84–85; and U.S./regional naval rela-
tions, 108–10; weapons sales from Rus-
sia, 87; white paper summary, 73–74
China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, 178
China National Petroleum Corporation
(CNPC), 116
China, oil tanker fleet: benefits for other
maritime industries, 118–20; broader
effects of expansion on tanker market,
117–18; China-flagged tanker fleet,
121–23; Chinese shipbuilding industry
vs. main competitors, 119; commercial
factors, 114–15; convoys, 120–21;
energy shipping IPOs, 115; ensuring oil
security, 120; issues beyond Taiwan, 112;
Malacca dilemma and, 113–14; reasons
for expansion, 113; security implica-
tions, 123–24; shipbuilding industry,
116–17; shipping sector parallels with
oil company/central government rela-
tionship, 115–16; tanker protection
options, 120–21; tanker working group,
113; very large crude carriers, 113, 117,
119–21, 122, 123
China’s Defense White Papers of 2002,
2004, 177
China’s Defense White Papers of 2006,
112, 177–78
China–Southeast Asia relations: centrality
of South China Sea to, 171–72; China
on Asia policy/foreign policy/use of
force, 176–79; energy security, 170–72;
growing energy demand of China, 170;
growing naval and military presence of
China, 181–83; joint development in
South China Sea, 174–75; motivation
for policies of China, 183–84; Southeast
Asia responses to rise of China, 179–81;
territorial claims in South China Sea,
172–74
Chinese National People’s Congress,
173
Christensen, Thomas, 108
Churchill, Winston S.: and abdication of214 Index