Monteverde : Ecology and Conservation of a Tropical Cloud Forest
4.4.2). As with certain birds, some insects undergo elevational migrations (see Sec. 4.5.2) and so require the conservation of h ...
stages suffered less predation. However, another spe- cies of dragonfly, Aeshna sp. (Aeshnidae), was able to capture and kill al ...
which occur in Costa Rican cloud forests: free-living forms, saddle case makers, purse case makers, net spin- ning or refuge mak ...
Figure 4.2. Markia hystrix, a lichen-mimicking katydid. Photograph by Stephen Ingram. flavolineata (Rowell 1983c; cited as Osmil ...
Figure 4.3. Milkweed bugs (Lygaeidae), order Hemiptera. Photograph by Gregory Dimijian. ter habitats include backswimmers (Noton ...
Figure 4.4. Stem-sucking aphids. Photograph by Gregory Dimijian. families is the cicadas (Cicadidae), which is more diverse and ...
ably high when compared to the well-known fauna of other regions (Whittaker 1970, Hamilton 1982). Nymphs feed on underground roo ...
Deltocephalinae, and Typhlocybinae. Most species of the subfamily Agallinae, which in Costa Rica consists of six genera and more ...
are reared together under the care of their mother, who embeds a mass of 50-100 eggs into the branch tip of a host plant (Mimosa ...
ened and modified for jumping. They are more active than aphids and jump and fly when disturbed. The immature stages are usually ...
Figure 4.6. Winged male of an unidentified species of scale insect (family Margarodidae) copulating with a flightless female on ...
Figure 4.7. (left) The mean number of calling females (black bars) and copulating pairs (gray bars) of the Monteverde scale inse ...
Figure 4.9. Tracks signaling damage from an unidentified leaf-miner. Photograph by Gregory Dimijian. Staphylinidae (see Sec. 4.4 ...
742 specimens). Three subfamilies, Tachyporinae (66 species), Osoriinae (58 species), and Oxytelinae (35 species), contain a mod ...
length), lightly pigmented, wingless beetles with greatly reduced elytra and eyes. The group is most diverse in South America, w ...
cies of Megalopinus, Lordithon, Bolitogyrus, and Plociopterus, some species of Platydracus, and a few species of Paederominus an ...
Figure 4.10. Dynastine scarab beetles of Monteverde. 2: Ancognatha vulgaris', 3: Cyclocephala carbonaria', 4: Cyclocephala wi Il ...
Figure 4.11. Life cycle for Stmtegusjugurtha: (a) egg; (b-d) first-, second-, and third-instar larva; (e) pupa; (f) adult. the " ...
ored Cantharidae, Lycidae, Chrysomelidae, and Oede- meridae. Another Monteverde resident is the enopliine Muisca octonotata, an ...
Host plants are located primarily by means of ol- factory organs within the elongated antennae. A suc- cession of long-horned be ...
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