80 Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)
There may be more New World genera related to this group; for example, the genus Pharypia Stål
(Figure 2.31G) recently has been included in the Pentatomini, separate from the other similar New World
genera because its members usually have a spine or tubercle at the base of the abdomen. This character
is variable within the Catacanthini, so it is possible, based on the similar structure of the head and the
colorful coloration, that this genus may also belong in the Catacanthini. A phylogenetic analysis by
Fürstenau and Grazia (2014) indicates that members of the tribe Coquereliini may also be related to, if
not belonging in, the Catacanthini (see Section 2.2.10.7.16). Several New World genera currently placed
in the Catacanthini have been revised recently: Arocera (Rider 1992b), Rhyssocephala (Rider 1992a),
and Runibia (Zwetsch and Grazia 2001).
Catacanthus incarnatus (Drury), the so-called man-faced stink bug, has been recorded attacking
cashew in south India (Davis 1949, Bhat and Srikumar 2013, Waghmare et al. 2015).
2.2.10.7.14 Caystrini Ahmad and Afzal, 1979
Credit is usually given to Stål (1876) for first recognizing this group when he keyed “Odius et affinia”
(Odius is a synonym of Caystrus Stål), but no one actually referred to this group using a family-group
name until Ahmad and Afzal (1979). This tribe contains 14 genera and 66 species (Table 2.3) all of
which are restricted to the Old World. They tend to be small to medium in size, brown to black in color,
and have a striking resemblance to members of the Myrocheini.
There appear to be three characters, none of which is totally reliable when used individually, that are
used to separate the Caystrini from the Myrocheini. The caystrines have the mesosternum medially cari-
nate (sulcate in the myrocheines), the ostiolar rugae are usually longer (short to obsolete in myrocheines)
with conspicuous evaporative areas, and the front femora lack spines or teeth (at least small spines usu-
ally present in myrocheines). Most caystrines will exhibit all three characters, but occasionally only two
(or rarely one) are present. Both the myrocheines and caystrines have the body somewhat depressed and
broadly ovate (Figure 2.29E), and the lateral margins of the head and pronotum are sharp and somewhat
laminate; the juga are often longer than the tylus, and meet anterior to the tylus. The spermathecal bulb
in females is ball-shaped with two to five finger-like diverticula.
Ahmad and Kamaluddin (1989b) revised the tribe for the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Three genera,
Surenus Distant (from Halyini), Agathocles Stål and Exithemus Distant (both from Rolstoniellini) will
be transferred to the Caystrini, based primarily on the study of their morphology (Salini Shivaprakash
and Petr Kment, unpublished data). Linnavuori (1982) stated that most caystrines are apparently grass
feeders in moist habitats.
2.2.10.7.15 Chlorocorini Rider, Greve, Schwertner, and Grazia, New Tribe
Ty p e g e n u s : Chlorocoris Stål, here designated.
This tribe contains 10 New World genera (or subgenera) and 77 species (Table 2.3) that usually are
included in the tribe Pentatomini (Gapud 1991, Grazia and Schwertner 2008b, Grazia et al. 2015).
Different authors suggested, at different times, a possible relationship among at least some of these gen-
era (Grazia 1968, Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971, Grazia-Vieira 1972, Grazia 1976, Eger 1978, Thomas
1992a, 1998). However, this taxon has been recognized only recently as a probable monophyletic group
(Greve 2010, Rider 2015a) but, as yet, has not been formally named. As this group of genera appears
to form a monophyletic group, it seems desirable to formally establish this tribe at this time with the
type genus Chlorocoris Stål. The members of this tribe tend to be medium to large in size; they are usu-
ally green in life but fade to yellow after death (Figure 2.29F). They tend to be somewhat depressed.
The head is usually rather flat and often triangular in shape with the apices of the juga acute to spinose
(Figures 2.8G, H). The humeral angles are often prominently spined; the anterolateral pronotal mar-
gins are edged and usually provided with a row of small to fairly large denticles. The ostiolar rugae are
usually short and linear, reaching to middle of metapleuron or less (longer in Chloropepla Stål), and
the associated evaporatorium is large and extensive. The mesosternum is medially carinate, sometimes
strongly so (Arvelius Spinola). The base of the abdomen is usually shallowly sulcate and receives the
apex of the rostrum (exception is Arvelius in which the base of the abdomen has a forwardly projecting
spine, the tip of which meets with the elevated metasternal carina). The tarsi are three-segmented.