558 Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)
Freeze tolerance: one of three strategies of cold hardiness; the freeze tolerant insects can withstand ice
formation, usually only in the extracellular fluids, and have a set of characteristics that enables
them to survive such ice formation
Generation: (1) all individuals of the population living and developing at the same time (i.e., started
development approximately at the same time) and usually existing in the same physiological
state (i.e., active physiological state or diapause); (2) a period of time necessary for comple-
tion of development of a full life cycle
Genetic polymorphism: case of polymorphism in which two or more different phenotypes (i.e., morphs
or forms) are produced by different genotypes. Also see Polyphenism
Growing season: see Vegetative season
Heterodynamic seasonal cycle: seasonal cycle that corresponds to heterodynamic seasonal
development
Heterodynamic seasonal development: type of seasonal development in which periods of active
seasonal development alternate with periods of seasonal dormancy of varying duration and
intensity (e.g., winter diapause or summer diapause). Also see Heterodynamic seasonal
cycle
Hibernacula (singular: Hibernaculum): see Hibernation quarters
Hibernaculum (plural: Hibernacula): see Hibernation quarters
Hibernation: see Winter diapause
Hibernation quarters: microhabitats used by insects to survive during winter diapause (i.e., hiberna-
tion). Synonyms: Hibernaculum (plural: Hibernacula), Hibernation sites, Overwintering
sites
Hibernation sites: see Hibernation quarters
Homodynamic seasonal cycle: seasonal cycle that corresponds to homodynamic seasonal development
Homodynamic seasonal development: type of seasonal development in which active seasonal devel-
opment is not interrupted by periods of seasonal dormancy; it is typical only for very stable
and warm environmental conditions (e.g., tropical and subtropical regions, caves, subterranial
microhabitats, artificial constructions such as grain storage barns). See Homodynamic sea-
sonal cycle
Horotelic process: slow, spontaneous, and endogenous internal physiological processes of diapause
development that proceeds under stable environmental conditions (i.e., when there are no dra-
matic changes of environmental conditions) and leads to spontaneous diapause termination.
See Tachytelic process
Imaginal diapause: see Adult diapause
Increasing day length: see Changing day length
Increasing photoperiod: see Changing day length
Induced diapause termination: diapause termination based on physiological processes induced
by external conditions (i.e., exogenous, nonspontaneous); it is equivalent and the result
of tachytelic process; can proceed only under influence of changes in environmental
conditions
Induction subphase: only in the case of facultative diapause, subphase of prediapause phase during
which the ontogenetic pathway is switched from direct development to diapause
Initiation subphase: subphase of diapause phase during which direct development ceases, deep physi-
ological preparations take place, and intensity (or deepness) of diapause may increase
Larval diapause: see Nymphal diapause
Life cycle: sequence of life stages (in Heteroptera – egg, nymphal, and adult stages) that an organism
undergoes from birth to reproduction and death. Compare to Seasonal cycle
Long day: for a particular population and conditions (first of all temperature), daily cycle with photo-
phase longer than the critical photoperiod
Long-day conditions: day-length (i.e., photoperiodic) conditions with photophase longer than criti-
cal photoperiod; for majority of insect in the Northern Hemisphere, the conditions with pho-
tophase that induces active physiological state (i.e., nondiapause development). Antonym:
Short-day conditions