Jim_Krane]_Energy_Kingdoms__Oil_and_Political_Sur
1825. UNNATURALLY COOL
- UNNATURALLY COOL
- “World’s Highest Substation from ABB Powers World’s Tallest Building,” ABB, Jan-
u a r y 7 , 2 0 1 0 , h t t p : / / w w w. a b b. c o m / c a w p / s e i t p 2 0 2 / e b ff f e e e d 9 3 5 e f 0 c c 1 2 5 7 6 a 2 0 0 3 8 2 2 9 5
.aspx.
- Energy- poor Dubai has been an early adopter of public transport, which has expanded
throughout the Gulf over the last decade.
- BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2017 (London: BP, 2017), https: //www .bp .com
/ c o n t e n t / d a m / b p / e n / c o r p o r a t e / p d f / e n e r g y - e c o n o m i c s / s t a t i s t i c a l - r e v i e w - 2 0 1 7 / b p
- s t a t i s t i c a l - r e v i e w - o f - w o r l d - e n e r g y - 2 0 1 7 - f u l l - r e p o r t. p d f.
- Eckart Woertz, “The Water- Energy- Food Nexus in MENA,” Energy Forum, Oxford
Institute for Energy Studies, no. 102 (2015).
- International Energy Agency, “Betwixt Petro- Dollars and Subsidies: Surging Energy
Consumption in the Mideast and North Africa States” (Paris, 2008).
- BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2016 (London: BP, 2016) https: //www .bp .com
/ c o n t e n t / d a m / b p / p d f / e n e r g y - e c o n o m i c s / s t a t istical - review - 2016 /bp - statistical - review
- of - world - energy - 2016 - full - report .pdf. Note that BP totals include crude oil and natu-
ral gas liquids (NGLs).
- US Energy Information Administration, “Saudi Arabia Country Brief,” September 10,
2 0 1 4 , h t t p : / / w w w. e i a. g o v / b e t a / i n t e r n a t i o n a l / a n a l y s i s. c f m? i s o=SAU.
- “Saudi Direct Crude Burning Set for Decrease,” Middle East Economic Survey 59, nos.
51/52 (December 23, 2016).
- Various sources put air- conditioning demand at between 70 and 80 percent of peak
electricity demand or of total electricity demand in the various GCC states.
- Figures on average size and electricity demand for Kuwaiti homes comes from data
supplied by the Kuwait Ministry of Electricity and Water in October 2016.
- World Energy Council, “Average Electricity Consumption per Electrified Household,”
E n e r g y E ffi c i e n c y I n d i c a t o r s , M a y 2 0 1 6 , h t t p s : / / w w w. w e c - i n d i c a t o r s. e n e r d a t a. e u
/ household - electricity - use .html.
- 44 percent of Saudi power was derived from liquid fuel– based generation, as was
64 percent in Kuwait and 3 percent in Oman, where (as in Saudi Arabia) diesel gen-
eration provides electricity in areas beyond transmission grids: International Energy
Agency, “World Energy Balances,” statistics database (Paris, 2018).
- Qatar began LNG exports in 1997 and started pipeline exports of gas to the UAE and
Oman in 2006. The UAE and Oman export small amounts of LNG. The UAE’s gas
exports are outweighed by imports.
- International Energy Agency, “Betwixt Petro- Dollars and Subsidies.”
- Per capita GDP growth is PPP and averages all six GCC growth rates since 1981 on
an unweighted basis. International Monetary Fund (2012): World Economic Outlook
(October 2012 ed.).
- Kenneth B. Medlock III, “Energy Demand Theory,” in International Handbook on the
Economics of Energy, ed. Joanne Evans and Lester C. Hunt (Northampton, MA:
Edward Elgar, 2011), 89– 111.
