Endnotes A353 6. Jonathan Ladd, “Four Approaches to Providing Political News
Given That So Many People Don’t Want It,” August 20, 2015,
http://www.mischiefsoffaction.com/2015/08/four-approaches-to-
providing-political.html?m=1 (accessed 11/5/15).
3 7. Thomas Patterson, “Bad News, Period,” Political Science and
Politics 29 (1996): 17–20.
3 8. Shanto Iyengar, Helmut Norpoth, and Kyu Hahn, “Consumer
Demand for Election News: The Horserace Sells,” Journal of
Politics 66 (2004): 157–75.
3 9. Steve M. Barkin, American Television News: The Media
Marketplace and the Public Interest: The Media Marketplace and
the Public Interest (New York: Routledge, 2016).
4 0. Dhrumil Mehta, “The Media Has Really Neglected Puerto Rico,”
September 28, 2017, https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-
media-really-has-neglected-puerto-rico/ (accessed 2/5/18).
4 1. T. E. Patterson, The Vanishing Voter (New York: Knopf, 2002);
J. N. Cappella and K. H. Jamieson, Spiral of Cynicism: The Press
and the Public Good (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
4 2. Robert McChesney, The Problem of the Media: U.S.
Communication Politics in the 21st Century (New York: Monthly
Review Press, 2004).Chapter 8
1. Joseph Schlesinger, Political Parties and the Winning of Office
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994).
2. William Nesbit Chambers and Walter Dean Burnham, The
American Party Systems: Stages of Political Development
(Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1966).
3. Donald H. Hickey, “Federalist Party Unity and the War of
1 81 2 ,” Journal of American Studies 12 (April 1978): 23–39;
William T. Bianco, David B. Spence, and John D. Wilkerson,
“The Electoral Connection in the Early Congress: The Case of
the Compensation Act of 1816,” American Journal of Political
Science 40 (February 1996): 145–71.
4. John Aldrich, Why Parties? (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2005).
5. James MacPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1988).
6. Michael F. Holt, The Rise and Fall of the Whig Party: Jacksonian
Politics and the Onset of the Civil War (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1999).
7. Harold W. Stanley, William T. Bianco, and Richard G. Niemi,
“Partisanship and Group Support over Time: A Multivariate
A na lysis ,” American Political Science Review 80 (1986):
9 6 9 –76.
8. Eric Schickler, Racial Realignment: The Transformation of
American Liberalism, 1932—1965 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 2016).
9. Hans Noel, Political Ideologies and Political Parties in America
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014).
1 0. Aldrich, Why Parties?
1 1. James L. Sundquist, Dynamics of the Party System, rev. ed.
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1983).
1 2. John H. Aldrich and Richard G. Niemi, “The Sixth American
Party System: Electoral Change, 1952–1992,” in Broken
Contract: Changing Relationships between Americans and
Their Governments, ed. Steven Craig (Boulder, CO: Westview
Press, 1993).
1 3. Charles S. Bullock III, Donna R. Hoffman, and Ronald Keith
Gaddie, “Regional Variations in the Realignment of American
Politics, 1944–2004,” Social Science Quarterly 87:3 (2006):
494–518.1 4. Jon F. Hale, “The Making of the New Democrats,” Political
Science Quarterly 110:2 (1995): 207–32.
1 5. James Monroe, The Political Party Matrix (Albany: SUNY
Press, 2001).
1 6. Gary Cox and Mathew McCubbins, Legislative Leviathan
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993); James M.
Snyder and Michael M. Ting, “An Informational Rationale
for Political Parties,” American Journal of Political Science 46
(2002): 90 –110.
1 7. Jason Roberts and Steven Smith, “Procedural Contexts, Party
Strategy, and Conditional Party Government,” American
Journal of Political Science 47:2 (2003): 305–17.
1 8. Catherine Rampell, “Tax Pledge May Scuttle a Deal on Deficit,”
New York Times, November 18, 2011, p. B1.
1 9. Donald Green, Bradley Palmquist, and Eric Schickler,
Partisan Hearts and Minds (New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press, 2004); Christopher Achen, “Political Socialization and
Rational Party Identification,” Political Behavior 24:2 (2002):
15 1–70.
2 0. Morris Fiorina, Retrospective Voting in American National
Elections (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981).
2 1. Walter Dean Burnham, “The Reagan Heritage,” in The Election
of 1988: Reports and Interpretations, ed. Gerald M. Pomper et al.
(Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1989).
2 2. Martin P. Wattenberg, The Decline of American Political Parties:
1952–1994 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996).
2 3. David S. Broder, The Party’s Over: The Failure of Partisan Politics
in America (New York: Harper and Row, 1971).
2 4. Donald P. Green and Bradley Palmquist, “Of Artifacts and
Partisan Instability,” American Journal of Political Science 34:3
(August 1990): 872–902.
2 5. Samara Kiar and Yanna Krupnikov, Independent Politics: How
American Disdain for Parties Leads to Political Inaction (New
York: Cambridge University Press, 2016).
2 6. Larry M. Bartels, “Partisanship and Voting Behavior, 1952–
19 9 6 ,” American Journal of Political Science 44:1 (2000): 35–50.
2 7. Daniel Schlotzman, When Movements Anchor Parties: Electoral
Alignments in American History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 2015).
2 8. Jill Lawrence, “Party Recruiters Lead Charge for ’06 Vote;
Choice of Candidates to Run in Fall May Decide Who Controls
the House,” USA Today, May 25, 2006, p. A5.
29. Marty Cohen, David Karol, Hans Noel, and John Zaller, The
Party Decides: Presidential Nominations before and after Reform
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
3 0. Jonathan Bernstein, “Clinton Knows Who’s Boss: Her Party,”
November 18, 2015, http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/
2015-11-18/democratic-party-is-more-important-than-hillary-
clinton (accessed 11/20/15).
3 1. Compiled from information available at http://www.ballot-access.org
(accessed 2/18/18).
3 2. The Center for Responsive Politics, opensecrets.org
(accessed 10/30/1 8).
3 3. Heather Caygle, “Anti-abortion Democrat snubbed by party for
reelec t ion .” Politico, February 26, 2018, http://www.politico.com/
story/2018/02/25/lipinski-democrats-abortion-chicago-
illinois-423431 (accessed 5/9/18).
3 4. John Gerring, Party Ideologies in America, 1828–1996 (New
York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
3 5. See http://www.lp.org/elected-officials-2 (accessed 2/19/17).
3 6. Janet Hook and Peter Wallsten, “GOP Feels Sting of Candidates’
Rejection,” Los Angeles Times, October 10, 2005, p. A1.Full_20_APT_64431_END_A23-A54.indd 35 15/11/18 2:38 PM