Glossary/Index A63attitudinalist approach, 517 A way of
understanding decisions of the
Supreme Court based on the politi-
cal ideologies of the justices.Austria, 559
authoritarian governments, 21
authorization process for legislation,
409
al-Awlaki, Anwar, 139
Axios, 238baby-boom generation, 593, 594
Americans born between 1946
and 1964, who are retiring in large
numbers over the next 20 years.Baker, Howard, 290, 411
Baker, James, 438
Bakke, Allan, 190balanced budget, 536, 541, 553 A spending
plan in which the government’s
expenditures are equal to its
revenue.balance of payments, 537, 562–67
Baldwin, Tammy, 384–85, 386
ballots, 301, 301
Baltimore, Barron v., 78, 109
Bank of America, 159
banks
and Federal Deposit Insurance
Commission, 535
and Federal Reserve System, 545
and financial crisis (2008), 548–49
and monetary policy, 557, 558
mortgage discrimination by, 159
national, Supreme Court on, 63, 78
reserve requirement on, 558
student loans from, 340, 359
and Treasury Department, 548
Barrasso, John, 401
Barron v. Baltimore, 78, 109
Bartels, Larry M., 583
Batali, Mario, 180
Bauer, Frederick W., 505
Baumgartner, Frank, 343, 590
Bear Stearns, 548–49
Beck, Glenn, 607
beer industry, tariffs affecting, 532
Beer Institute, 532
BellSouth, 135
Bennet, Michael, 232, 233
Benton v. Maryland, 113Berlin Wall, fall of, 623
Bernanke, Ben, 546, 548, 559
bias, 248–50
in Internet information, 239
in public opinion polls, 213, 215, 217
social desirability bias, 217bicameralism, 377 The system of having
two chambers within one legislative
body, like the House and Senate in
the U.S. Congress.Bicker, Laura, 30
Biden, Joe, 300Bill of Rights, 44–45, 49, 50, 62, 80, 108
The first 10 amendments to the
Constitution; they protect individ-
ual rights and liberties. See also
specific amendments.
on civil liberties, 104
on free press, 244
on free speech, 325
on liberty, 21
origins of, 106–9
public knowledge of, 200
selective incorporation of, 112, 113bills, and legislative process, 404–12
bin Laden, Osama, 428, 624, 624, 625
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, 121,
320, 321, 510
Birmingham, Alabama, 169–70, 170
birth control, 117, 140–41
bisexual people. See LGBTQ people
Bismarck, Otto von, 412
Black, Hugo, 125, 141, 515, 517
Blackburn, Marsha, 401
Black Lives Matter, 164, 171, 17 1–7 2 , 1 8 8
Blackmun, Harry, 512–13block grants, 86–88, 90 Federal aid
provided to a state government to
be spent within a certain policy
area, but the state can decide how to
spend the money within that area.“blue states,” 15, 16
Blumenthal, Richard, 523
Board of Education, Brown v., 153 , 154 ,
167, 172–73, 520, 521, 525
Board of Education II, Brown v., 154 , 173
Board of Education of Ewing Township,
Everson v., 113
Boehner, John, 398, 402, 523Boeing Company, 364
Bollinger, Gratz v., 179
Bollinger, Grutter v., 179
Bond, United States v., 91
Bono, 129
Booker, Cory, 504
Border Patrol, 628
border wall with Mexico, 57, 374, 376,
410, 626
Bork, Robert, 503
Bosnia, 623
Boston Tea Party, 32
Bowers v. Hardwick, 143, 181, 182
Bowles, Erskine, 597
Bradley, Joseph, 157
Bradwell, Myra, 156–57
Brady, James and Sarah, 130
Brandeis, Louis, 94
Brandenburg v. Ohio, 119
brand identity of political parties, 270,
313 , 398
Braun, Ryan, 135
Brennan, William, 517
Brennan Center for Justice, 160
Brewer, Jan, 192
Breyer, Stephen, 503, 512, 513, 519, 522,
522
briefs in Supreme Court cases, 510–11,
519broadcast media, 235–36 Commu-
nications technologies, such as
television and radio, that transmit
information over airwaves.Brown, Albert G., 377
Brown, Jerry, 90
Brown, Michael, 120, 164
Brown, Sherrod, 546
Brown v. Board of Education, 153 , 154 ,
167, 172–73, 520, 521, 525
Brown v. Board of Education II, 154 , 173
Bryan, William Jennings, 557
Buchanan, Patrick, 301
Budget and Accounting Act (1921), 540
Budget and Impoundment Control Act
(19 74 ), 5 4 0
Budget Committees, 410, 540, 542budget deficit, 532, 536, 537 , 538, 546
The amount by which a govern-
ment’s spending in a given fiscal
year exceeds its revenue.
and budget-making process, 540–41
and fiscal policy, 553–54Full_23_APT_64431_GLO_IND_A61-A114.indd 63 19/11/18 3:15 PM