A68 Glossary/IndexCommons, John R., 576
Common Sense (Pa ine), 36
Common Sense Caucus, 376
community, political socialization in,
203
commutations, presidential power in,
433competitive federalism, 90, 96, 97 A
form of federalism in which states
compete to attract businesses and
jobs through the policies they adopt.Comprehensive Addiction and
Recovery Act (2016), 590
compromise in political conflicts, 11–12
at Constitutional Convention,
39–48, 50
Compromise of 1850, 421concurrent powers, 73, 74 Responsi-
bilities for particular policy areas,
such as transportation, that are
shared by federal, state, and local
governments.concurrent resolution, 405
concurring opinions, 514
Confederacy, 121, 124, 152confederal government, 8, 74 A form
of government in which states
hold power over a limited national
government.confederations, 347 Interest groups
made up of several independent,
local organizations that provide
much of their funding and hold most
of the power.conference, congressional, 272, 286, 398
The organization of Republicans
within the House and Senate that
meets to discuss and debate the
party’s positions on various issues
in order to reach a consensus and to
assign leadership positions.conference, of Supreme Court justices,
512conference committees, 403, 409
Temporary committees created
to negotiate differences betweenthe House and Senate versions of a
piece of legislation that has passed
through both chambers.confessions, Miranda rights in, 137
confidentiality, executive privilege for,
433–37
conflicts, political, 5, 8, 9, 10–12, 14
compromise in, 11–12, 39–48, 50
and Constitution, 32, 65–66
critical analysis of political informa-
tion in, 24–26
on economic policies, 15, 32, 567–68
on foreign policy, 643, 650
gridlock in, 394
on health care, 12, 19, 610
as human nature, 37
interest group influence in, 368–69
resolution of, 20–24
on social policy, 572–75, 610
sources of, 15–20
Congress, 374–417. See also House of
Representatives; Senate
accountability in, 286, 291, 381, 383
advice and consent role of, 55, 64,
413, 500, 502, 505
Articles of Confederation on, 33–34,
39
bipartisan compromise in, 291
budget process in, 540–41, 542, 543
campaigns and elections for. See
congressional campaigns and
elections
casework of, 384, 414
caucuses and conferences in, 271–72,
286
checks and balances with other
branches, 6, 52, 57–58
civil rights legislation of, 182–85
committee system in, 402–3,
404–10, 413, 540, 542, 630
constituency of, 381, 381–83, 382
constituency service in, 387–88
Constitutional Convention compro-
mise on, 41–42
Constitution on, 39, 40, 76, 376–77,
404, 539
credit claiming in, 384, 396
economic policy role of, 539–41, 542,
543, 545, 549, 567–68
enumerated powers of, 51–54, 376–77
exclusive powers of, 51–54
foreign policy role of, 626, 626, 629,
630, 650formal structures in, 396–404
gridlock in, 394
home styles in, 385
ideological polarization in, 272, 273,
400, 400–401
impeachment power of, 56–57, 413,
446
informal structures in, 395–96
interest groups lobbying, 340–73
legislative process in, 404–12,
430–33
logrolling in, 395
net worth of members in, 378
oversight role of, 412–13, 481–82, 625
political parties in, 271–72, 284–87,
290–91, 396–402, 403
pork-barrel spending of, 378
power of the purse, 54, 57, 412–13,
630, 632
public opinion on, 378, 382, 382–83,
394–95
racial and ethnic composition of,
378, 379
regulatory policy role of, 561
relationship with president, 285–86,
377–78, 430, 444–46
representation in, 378–83
and revolving door with interest
groups, 348, 349
roll call votes in, 400
seniority in, 396
shared powers of, 55–56
social policy role of, 583–84, 586–89,
604–5, 609 –10
specialization in, 396
staff in, 404
testimony at hearings of, 358, 413
typical workday in, 385, 386
and unilateral presidential actions,
444–46
universalism in, 395
war powers of, 55–56, 630, 632
women in, 19, 379, 380, 384–85, 3 8 7,
398, 502
Congress: The Electoral Connection
(Mayhew), 383
Congressional Black Caucus, 188
Congressional Budget Office, 540, 542,
543, 580, 600
congressional campaigns and
elections, 296–301, 302, 381, 383–93
in 1814, 266
in 1932, 576
in 1994, 604Full_23_APT_64431_GLO_IND_A61-A114.indd 68 19/11/18 3:15 PM