William_T._Bianco,_David_T._Canon]_American_Polit

A70 Glossary/Index

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

(CFPB), 479–81, 481

Consumer Product Safety Commis-

sion, 561

consumer tastes affecting trade, 564

containment, 620–22 An important

feature of American Cold War policy

in which the United States used

diplomatic, economic, and military

strategies in an effort to prevent the

Soviet Union from expanding its

influence.

Continental Congress, 32, 33

continuing resolutions, 409

contraception, 117, 140–41

contributory social programs, 576

Conway, Kellyanne, 307, 477, 477

Conyers, John, 180

cooperative federalism, 81–82, 83 , 98

A form of federalism in which

national and state governments

work together to provide services

efficiently. This form emerged in the

late 1930s, representing a profound

shift toward less concrete bound-

aries of responsibility in national–

state relations.

and fiscal federalism, 83–88

Coots, Jamie, 105

copyright laws, 644

Cordray, Richard, 481

Corker, Bob, 335

Cornyn, John, 401

corporate welfare, 579–80

corporations

in campaign financing, 121, 321, 322

government programs benefiting,

579–80

lobbying by, 343, 345–46, 346, 350

tax rate paid by, 541, 555, 555, 580

Correa, Lou, 374, 375

Cosby, Bill, 180

cost of living adjustments (COLAs), 534

Cottonseed Payment Program, 403

Coulter, Ann, 102

Council of Economic Advisers (CEA), 533,

544, 545 A group of economic advis-

ers, created by the Employment

Act of 1946, that provides objective

data on the state of the economy and

makes economic policy recommen-

dations to the president.

Council on American-Islamic

Relations, 445

Court of Federal Claims, 497

Court of International Trade, 497

courts, 488–529

accountability of, 524, 525

appeals, 497, 498, 500

circuit, 491–92

civil and criminal cases in, 495

common law in, 496

defendants in, 132–40, 494–95

discovery process in, 496

district, 491, 497, 500

federal, 498

foreign policy role of, 631

intermediate scrutiny by, 118, 121,

177, 178, 179

jurisdiction of, 491, 491, 496– 97, 498

jury trials in, 49, 109, 139, 157

plaintiffs in, 494–95

plea bargaining in, 495

precedents in, 496

same-sex marriage cases in, 499

selection of judges in, 500–505

state and local, 498

strict scrutiny by, 118, 176–77, 178, 179

Supreme. See Supreme Court

and venue shopping, 497

Craig, Charlie, 116

Craig v. Boren, 179

credit, monetary policies on, 557, 558

credit claiming by congressional

incumbents, 384, 396

Crimea, 430, 623, 642

crime rates, media coverage on, 251,

251, 252

Criminal Anarchy Act (1902), 112

criminal cases, 88, 109, 495

Criminal Justice Act, 139

criminal justice system, 495

racial disparities in, 163–66

rights of defendants in, 132–40

critical analysis of political

information, 24–26

cross burning, 119, 122–23

crosscutting issues, 267

Crossroads GPS, 269

Crowley, Joe, 299, 335

cruel and unusual punishment, 64,

64–65, 139–40, 520

Cruz, Ted, 14, 283, 286, 316 , 374, 376

Cuba, 429, 430, 622

Cuban Americans, 17, 155

cultural values, 15–17

culture wars, 15–17 Political conflict

in the United States between

“red-state” Americans, who tend

to have strong religious beliefs, and

“blue-state” Americans, who tend

to be more secular.

Curiel, Gonzalo P., 502

currency

Articles of Convention on, 33, 34–35, 39

Constitution on, 39

exchange rates for, 564

and Federal Reserve System, 545

gold standard for, 557, 557

and monetary policy, 557–59

and Treasury Department, 547, 548

current account, 5 3 7, 564 The balance

of a country’s receipts and its

payments in international trade and

investment.

cyberbullying, 123

DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood

Arrivals), 374, 375, 376, 414, 543

Dahl, Robert A., 40

daily life, politics in, 9, 10, 13–14

Daily Mail, 127

“Daisy” ad, 318–19, 319

Dakota Access Pipeline, 155, 171

data mining, 136

David, Dan, 389

Davidov, Peter, 70

death penalty, 60, 64, 64–65, 139–40, 520

debates

between candidates, 318, 332

in legislative process, 408–9, 411–12

de Blasio, Bill, 70, 163

decision making by Supreme Court,

514–20

Declaration of Independence, 22, 33, 36,

3 7, 15 1

deep state, 454

de facto, 173 Relating to actions or

circumstances that occur outside

the law or “by fact,” such as the

segregation of schools that resulted

from housing patterns and other

factors rather than from laws.

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