Advances in Sociophonetics

Subject index 213

reduction 17, 74–75, 78, 102,
108, 131, 159, 168, 197, 200
amplitude or energy
reduction 74–75, 78
cluster reduction 102, 108
release 102–104, 106, 109, 112,
117, 125, 192, 195, 197–201
inaudible release 102–104
plosive release 197–199
silent-released 102
strong release 102
unreleased 102–105, 112
weak release 102
repertoire 8, 18, 50, 139, 142
representation 1, 3, 12, 20, 47,
50, 60, 69, 80, 86–89, 91, 99,
109, 128, 139–141, 147, 176–177,
196, 199
abstract representation
50, 139
acoustic representation 70
articulatory
representation 88
autosegmental
representation 147
cognitive representation 1
mental representation
12, 59–60, 87, 89
phonetic representation
70, 79, 88, 177
phonological
representation 3, 89, 141
psychoacoustic
representation 79
retroflexion 87
rhotacism 144
rhotic 5–6, 60–63, 65–66, 68,
70–71, 73–75, 78–79, 82–87,
89, 91, 99, 152
rhotic-derhotic continuum
see continuum
rhoticity 61–63, 65–67, 70, 75,
79, 82–83, 85–86, 88–89, 91
non-rhoticity 62, 65–67,
70, 91
Romanian 131
rules 12, 32, 40, 97, 99–100,
105, 109, 128–129, 131
categorical rules 99, 127
variable rules 97, 99–100, 135
Russian 151

S

salience 87, 157, 163–164

sandhi 143, 148

schwa 32, 34, 125

Scots 60, 62, 66, 92

sex 126, 168, 174, 183

sibilant see fricative

sign 139

social class see class

sonorant 112, 142–143, 149–150

sound archives see archive

speaker-hearer chain 88

‘speaker-hearer triangle’

87–88, 91

speech rate see rate

speech style see style

speech archive see archive

spelling 34

spike 104, 159

spirantization 143, 148, 155

SSE see English

stance 28, 69

stereotype 89–90, 149, 158, 161,

163–164

stigma 8, 158, 164

stop 6–7, 41, 44, 61, 86, 98–107,

109–111, 115–118, 120–121,

124–127, 130–131, 143, 148, 150,

155, 159–160, 191, 195, 197–201

alveolar stop 41, 44, 102, 120

coronal stop 6–7, 98–99,

105, 107, 116

glottal stop 61, 86, 115, 117,

127, 197

word-final stop 6–7, 98,

100–105, 115, 118, 124–127,

130–132, 191

storage 4–5, 12, 32, 40, 50

mnesic storage 50

stress 21–22, 148–149, 178,

180–181

stress clash 149

stressed 62, 65, 73, 82–83,

107, 114, 142, 148–149, 172,

177–178, 191

unstressed 68, 82–83, 114,

142, 147–148, 152

stricture 196, 200–201

style 5–6, 8, 31, 52, 62, 68, 81,

142, 156, 158, 163, 169–170,

174, 183

formal style 62, 156, 174

speech style 5–6, 8, 68, 81,

169–170, 183

stylistic analysis 183–184

stylistic shift 63

sub-standard 172

syllable 26, 34, 65, 73–74,

82–83, 142, 144, 149, 151–152,

154, 161, 175–178, 191

syllabification 34

symbolon 90

T

tap 60–61, 63, 72–74, 76, 83, 85

target undershoot 108, 110, 117

timing 79, 81–83, 85–86, 112

gestural timing 79, 81, 85

tongue 6, 60, 64, 70, 79–87,

112, 125, 197

tongue bunching 85, 87

tongue configuration

79–80, 83, 85–86

tongue movement 64, 80

tongue shape 80–81, 83

see also gesture

transcription 5–6, 33–34, 64,

70–72, 74, 81, 88, 99, 103

auditory transcription

64, 70–72, 74, 81, 88

transillumination 11, 199, 202

trill 60–61, 74, 76

truncation 32, 143, 152, 195

turn-finality 192

turn-holding 193

turn-taking 192

turn-transition points 127

Tu s c a n see dialect

Tyrrhenian-Adriatic

corridor 177

U

Ultrasound Tongue Imaging

(UTI) 6, 60, 70, 79–82,

84–87

undershoot

see target undershoot

UTI see Ultrasound Tongue

Imaging

uvular 24–25, 71–72, 74–75

uvularization 75

uvularized 72, 75, 77