index 317
Seljuks 58n106, 73, 88, 93, 143, 241n392,
245, 269
defeat at Köse dagh 54
of dobruja 245, 249, 254
conversion to Christianity 268
expulsion from 268
privilege from Batu Khan 53
sultanate 96, 97, 241, 242, 247, 248
sultans of Rūm 46n36 , 55n86, 143
vassals of Ilkhanate 97, 247
Sempad (= Smpad), brother of Hethum
54n83
Sençorco 196
Serbia 273
Serbs 264, 275
Serenissima see Venice
Severac, Jordan of, bishop of Kulam 125
Severin Banate 254, 256, 257, 267n505,
271–273
Shahs of Persia 69
shamanism 268
Shams al-dīn al-dimishqī see al-dimishqi
Sharaf al-dīn ‛Alī Yezdī, Persian chronicler
50, 240n387
Shārū Kermān see Chersones
Sheikh Uwais, Chobanid ruler in Iran
139, 200n231
Shiraz 200
Shishman, Michael, Bulgarian tsar 262,
267n505, 270, 271, 273–275
Sichibey see Cherkez
Sicilian vespers 159
Sicily 183n152, 243
Siena 119n263
Silistra 258
silk 21, 22, 48, 76n72, 97n160, 98, 100, 102,
103n81, 107, 108, 214
Silk Road 20, 22, 23, 26, 30, 36, 37, 45, 46,
49, 68, 70, 74, 76–81, 113, 115, 123, 148, 151,
175, 195, 239, 281
Ayas-Tabriz route 78, 115n236, 117
Benedetto Zaccaria’s mission 80
Black Sea route 95
clashes over 35, 88, 112, 239
conquest by Chinggis Khan 41, 42
diverted into Mongol territory 98
Genoese interests in 78, 86
Hülegü’s control 59
Mamluk control 77, 89
Mongol rule 38
side branches 27, 96, 114
Tabriz-Trebizond route 115, 117, 119,
120, 123, 134,135, 136n332
Western half 112
Sinai 69n41
Sinie Vodï, battle of 221
Sinope (= Sinop) 97n160, 109,145, 146,
184, 210n267
emir of 210
Soldaia axis 147, 149
Sinopolis see Sinope
Siret river 276
Sivas 115n236, 117, 119n260, 143
Slaves
as commercial ware 15, 16
imported from Soldaia into egypt 153,
154
in Caffa 227n335, 263
trade 166–168, 177n136, 187
to egypt 91, 113n228, 170, 171,
176n126, 191
end of 165
warriors 15
Smilets, Bulgarian tsar 258
Sniatyn 256n454
Sogdiana 102
Solcatum see Solkhat
Soldadea see Soldaia
Soldaia (Sudak, Sugdaia) 35, 97n160, 109,
142, 143n9, 144–146, 153, 228
appanage of ‛Izz al-dīn Kaykāwuz 247
building galleys for Janibek 210
chief trading centre of north Black
Sea 155
destruction by noghai 161
expulsion of foreign merchants by
Janibek 203, 206
free trade for Venetians 220
Genoese
boycott by 184, 186n179, 194
garrison 238
presence 155, 222n312
synaxarion 142n4, 193n202
occupation of 222
Greeks 193
raids by Qara Bulat 193, 194
reconquered by Mamai 222, 223
Sinope axis 147, 149
abandonment of 154
Venetian consulate 203n247
Solkhat (al-Qirim, eski Qïrïm, Starïy
Krïm) 109, 111, 156, 162, 184, 185,
186n179, 193n202, 210, 227n335
appanage of ‛Izz al-dīn Kaykāwuz 247
lord of 216, 231, 234, 235n366
plundering by noghai 252
Tartars of 238
Soltaniyeh 49n51