282 ch’ing-hai
On Feb.15, 652, the New Year’s Day, T’u-yü-hun envoys offered
gifts. In the 8th month (Sep./Oct.), they presented fine horses (Ts’e-fu
yüan-kuei p.5025).
In the 11th month (Dec./Jan., 653) of the Chinese year 652, No-
ho-po’s wife, who meanwhile had been promoted by theT’ang to
Senior Princess of Hung-hua, paid a visit to the T’ang court (Chiu
T’ang shu 4:4a).
In the 7th month (August) of 653, the T’u-yü-hun presented fine
horses (Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5025).
In the 9th month (Oct./Nov.) of 654, T’u-yü-hun envoys offered
gifts (Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5025).
From 660, the attacks by the Tibetans on the T’u-yü-hun increased
in ferocity, culminating in 670 with their final assault. The T’u-yü-hun
were routed, and No-ho-po fled with the [Senior] Princess of Hung-hua
north to the eastermost part of the Kan-su Corridor. Kao-tsung finally
sent an army to his rescue, but this was utterly defeated. The state of
the T’u-yü-hun ceased to exist, and its territory was annexed by Tibet.
In 672, Kao-tsung moved No-ho-po and his followers to what now is
the Ning-hsia Oasis. This area was renamed the An-lo commandery,
and No-ho-po was appointed its Inspector (Chiu T’ang shu 5:3b; 198:
8a;Tzu-chih t’ung-chien p.6321;Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 334:26a).
Thus the state of the T’u-yü-hun came to its end. It had existed for
almost 400 years. Henceforth, their kings became clients of the T’ang.
Their subsequent dynasty in Ning-hsia can be traced until the end of
the 8th century and then petered out. When No-po-ho died in 688,
he was succeeded by his son Chung. When Chung died in 698, he
was succeeded by his son Hsüan-chao. In the 3rd month (Mar./Apr.)
of 700, the T’ang recognized his empty titles as king and qaghan of
Ch’ing-hai, and appointed him Supernumerary General-in-chief of the
Guards of the Leopard Bow-cases of the Left. Hsüan-chao sent envoys
to the T’ang court in the 1st month (Jan./Feb.) of 708, probably for
the New Year’s Day of Jan.28. When he died in about 709, he was
succeeded by his son Hsi-hao. When Hsi-hao died in about 738, he
was succeeded by his son Chao. He was the last of the old dynasty.
After Chao’s death, a certain Mu-jung Fu, judging from the name a
relative, was in 798 given by the T’ang the empty titles of king and
qaghan of the Ch’ing-hai State. He had no successors. No further
official missions are recorded until the end of T’ang (Chiu T’ang shu
198:8a;Tzu-chih t’ung-chien p.6546; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 334:26a, 26b).
This does not mean that the T’u-yü-hun as a people immediately