Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais

NOTES TO CHAPTER 21 1133

31. Han Y6ngguk, "Hos6, part I," pp. 97-98; Kim Okkun, Chason hugi, p. 157.


32. Kim Okkun, Chason hugi, pp. 264-66.


33. Han Y6ngguk, "Hos6, part I," pp. 98-lOO; Kim Okkun, Chason hugi, pp. 156-58;
    Ching Young Choe, "Kim Yuk," pp. 26-28; Hyojong sillok 2:20a-2 I a, Hyojong acces-
    sion year (chugwiny6n). I I.ky6ngsin.


34. Hyojong .I'illok 3:4a-5a, Hyojong I. I .py6ngja, cited in Han Y6ngguk, "Hos6," part
    I, p. lOI n.73; Kim Okkun, Choson hugi, pp. 159-60; Ching Young Choe, "Kim Yuk,"
    pp.28-^2 9·


35. Hyojong sillok 6:38a-b, Hyojong 2.6.musin; ibid. 6:57b, Hyojong 2.6.Urch'uk, cited
    in Ching Young Choe, "Kim Yuk," p. 30; Kim Okkun, Choson hugi, pp. 160-61. Min
    Onghy6ng had complained in 1650 that since Hideyoshi's invasions the government had
    failed to revise tribute regulations for the three southern provinces, reform would be jus-
    tified in Ch'ungch'6ng because her taxes were heavier than Ch611a's, and Ch611a's heav-
    ier than Ky6ngsang. Kim Okkun, Chosi5n hugi, pp. 160-61 and PBSDN 14: 176-77,
    Hyojong 1.6.9.


36. Hyojong sillok7.3b, Hyojong 2.7.kapsin; ibid. T5b-6a, Hyojong 2.7.urch'uk; ibid.
    7:8b-9a, Hyojong 2.7.musul; Ching Young Choe, "Kim Yuk," p. 30.


37. Hyojong sillok 7:23b-24b, Hyojong 2.8.kisa; Han Y6ngguk, "Hos6," part I, pp.
    lO4-5; Kim Okkun, Choson hugi, p. 163.


38. Ching Young Choe, "Kim Yuk," p. 34.


39. Kim Okkun, ChoscJn hugi, p. 164.


40. Ibid., p. 3 I; Han Y6ngguk, "Hos6," part I, pp. I03-4; Kim Okkun, Chos6n hugi,
    p. 162; Hyojong sitlok 7:I4a-b, Hyojong 2.8.musin; 7:I6a, Hyojong 2.8.kiyu. Hyojong
    also rejected resignations submitted by Chief State Councilor Kim Yuk, Second State
    CouncilorYi Sibaek, and Third State Councilor Han Hung'il, ibid. 7:17a.


41. MHBG 152:13b. cited in Han Y6ngguk, "Hos6," part 2, p. 130. SeeMHBG 152:1 Ib
    for the grain/cloth exchange rate in the Taedong Regulations. These regulations divided
    Ch'ungch'6ng Province into three categories for determining whether taxes should be
    paid in rice or cloth. Thirty-five coastal districts were to pay grain, thirteen mountain or
    hilly districts would pay cloth, and six districts defined as "half coastal and half hilly"
    paid half in grain and half in cloth. MHBG 152: I 2b.


42. Kim Hong'uk was appointed governor of Ch'ungch'6ng in 1652, Hyojong 2.10.3
    (ch6ngmi), in CSS, series 5, 3:412.


43. Hyojong sillok 8:36b-38a, Hyojong 3-4.sinch'uk. For H6 Ch6k's appointment to
    this post, see CSS, series 5, 3:452, Hyojong 3.3.20 (sinmyo), but he was replaced in this
    office shortly thereafter. Kim Yuk was appointed councilor of the right in 1651, Hyojong
    2.12·7, CSS, series 5, 3:417·


44. For discussion and references, see Han Y6ngguk, "Hos6," part 2, pp. 125-28.


45. Ibid., pp. 128-29; MHBG 152: I3b. See the discussion of yang'ip wich 'ul by Lien-
    sheng Yang in "Notes on Dr. Swann's Food and Money in Ancient China," in idem, Stud-
    ies in Chinese Institutional History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961), p. 88.


46. Han Y6ngguk, "Honam," part I, pp. 31-60, esp. pp. 3 I -34; Kim Okki'in, Cho.l'rJn
    hugi, p. 198.