pan 'in 1}" estate agents or managers;
personal aides of high officials; see
pal/dang.
pal/no Yf~ a slave of the same cate-
gory or family as other slaves
panp '0 .:ffi military support tax
P'anso !i'U. minister
pao (Ch.) (or she) 1 ( U) 16-
family unit (rang); household cluster
or mutual aid unit (SlUlg)
pao-chang (Ch.) iii! ~ chief of the pao
mutual aid unit (Sung)
pao-ch 'ao (Ch.) • ~ Yuan dynasty
paper money
pao-cheng (Ch.) 1*.IE mutual surveil-
lance
pao-chia (Ch.) iii! Ef3 mutual aid and
responsibility system (Sung)
pao-ma-fa (Ch.) iIi!~1! raising horses
by household clusters (Sung)
P'ap'yong Yun clan :t&:~¥ 1£
Pei-chun (Ch.) ~t 11[ Northern Anny of
the Han dynasty, capital guards

Pei-men hsueh shih ~t r~ '* ± Schol-

ars of the Northern Gate to draft
documents (T' ang)
p 'eng-tang (Ch.) Jill1f. factions
pi (Ch.) It 5-family unit (Chou)
pi ~ local community
pi-chao (Ch.) $13 direct hiring by
governors of subordinate officials
Pibyonsa ffij:ll i1.J Border Defense
Command
pich 'ongbOp 1t:Jt 1! provincial quota
system
Piguk flU fiU see Pibyonsa
p 'if IE cloth measurement

p 'itch 'ae * fit "pen debt" or cloth

surtax levied by thc Royal Secretariat
p'ill (Ch.) ~ grades
ping (Ch.) 1J4) annual and triennial
audiences for feudal representatives
(Chou)

GLOSSARY [175

pip 'aI/jog 'imyo silchl"ing {chOn 'go]

jul"iijog'in ha/lgmll/l t 'aedo Itt!i'tl e<J

.lit ( A. ) .t~l'J<J*rJ] ~

Jl critical verification based on the

citation of evidence

po tP-paces

po 1* support unit for duty soldiers

P '0 • police box

P '0 ;{fi cloth tax

pobllsang mJi. fiij" peddlers

pobyong zt-* infantrymen

P'och'on (p.n.) ffg)l/ suburbs of Seoul

Poch 'unggun 1iiJ 1E 11[ unit of auxiliary

soldiers

P'odoch'ong fItj.lf;f .. Agency for the

Arrest of Thieves

pogap (pao-chia) 1* Ef3 system of

mutual aid and surveillance

pogve -fl ~ school slaves; servants and

runners

poin 1*}" support persons or taxpayers

pokho {l P see kl"ippokchOn

pol ~ status

pan :<$: root

Pall • shift of rotating duty soldiers

(Choson)

pOllgbudong if:IF jI] "sealed and

immovable" emergency reserves

pongch 'aek ttM noble titles

ponggoll if}t granting of fiefs, feudal-

ism; (Ch.feng-chien)

pOllggong if yt investiture and tribute

pOllggollsi tt j! IJif the age of feudal-

Ism

Pongsangsi ~ 'lit ~ Court of Ancestral

Rites

pon 'gllng /lot/gsa :<$: 'B • ~ agrarian

huts of the main palace

pan 'gwall :<$: It choronym; place name

used to identify lineages

pong/ok $ JE. support taxpayer (for

duty soldiers)

pono 1* ~ support slaves