China\'s Quest. The History of the Foreign Relations of the People\'s Republic of China - John Garver

Notes to pages 84–94 } 795

58. Document No. 3, Bulletin, p. 181.


59. Document No. 8, Bulletin, p. 183.


60. Document No. 9, Bulletin, p. 183.


61. Document No. 11, Bulletin, p. 184.


62. Quoted in Leitenberg, “New Russian Evidence,” p. 186.


63. Guo’s solicitation of Needham, and Needham’s deeply flawed role in the subse-
    quent “investigation,” are narrated in Simon Winchester, The Man Who Loved China,
    New York: Harper Collins, 2008, pp. 199–216.


64. Document No. 2, Bulletin, pp. 180–2.


65. The Hate Campaign in Communist China, Hong Kong: US Consulate. No date
    (1953?). This is a 210-page compilation of materials from the PRC media. A number of
    these “confessions” are included in The Hate Campaign in Communist China, cited above.


66. “National Affairs:  Germ Warfare:  Forged Evidence,” Time, March 9, 1953. http://www.
    time.com/time/priintout/0,8816,819144,00.html.


67. Chen Jian, China’s Road, p. 141.


68. Chen Jian, China’s Road, p. 194.


69. The Hate Campaign in Communist China, p. 213.


70. This section follows Qiang Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950–1975, Chapel
    Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000, pp. 10–42. The name of the Vietnamese
    communist movement was considerably more variable than that of the Chinese. From
    1931 to 1945, it was known as the Indochina Communist Party. From February 1951 to 1976,
    it was known as the Vietnamese Workers Party (VWP). In 1976, the name was changed to
    Vietnam Communist Party. For simplicity, I will refer to the pre-1976 party as the VWP.


71. Zhai, China and Vietnam Wars, p. 37.

Chapter 4. The Bandung Era

1. Adam B.  Ulam, Expansion and Coexistence; A  History of Soviet Foreign Policy,
   1917–1967, New York: Praeger, 1968, pp. 539–71. This discussion follows Ulam.


2. China’s Foreign Relations, a Chronology of Events (1949–1988), Beijing:  Foreign
   Languages Press, 1989, pp. 454–5.


3. Ulam, Expansion, p. 544.


4. China’s Foreign Relations, p. 455.


5. Ulam, Expansion, p. 546.


6. John Garver, Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937–1945, the Diplomacy of Chinese
   Nationalism, London: Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 137–40.


7. Mao Zedong, “Talk with the American Correspondent Anna Louise Strong,
   August 1946, Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, Vol. 4, Beijing:  Foreign Languages Press,
   1961, pp. 97–101.


8. Kuo-Kang Shao, Zhou Enlai and the Foundations of Chinese Foreign Policy,
   New York: St Martins Press, 1996, pp. 210–37. Nineo Nakajima, “Foreign Relations: From
   the Korean War to the Bandung Line,” The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 14, The
   People’s Republic of China, Part I:  The Emergence of Revolutionary China, 1949–1965,
   edited by Roderick MacFarquhar and John King Fairbank, New  York:  Cambridge
   University Press, 1987, pp. 259–89. The strategy of a united front has deep roots tracing