844 Index
Parlement of Paris (cont.)
of by both the Third Estate and the nobil-
ity, 340; suppression of, 289
Parlement of Provence, 68n3
Parlement of Rennes, 71
Parlement of Rouen, 71
Parlement of Toulouse, 68–70
Pastoralis sollicitudo (Pope Pius VI), 390
Paterson, William, 149
Paul I (emperor of Russia), 477
Paulus, Pieter, 245, 511
Pays de Vaud, 664, 668, 669, 673, 676, 682,
702
Peace of Westphalia, 24
peasantry. See feudalism/serfdom
Peel, Robert, 716, 717
Peerage Bill (1719), 43
Peletier, Louis- Michel le, 334
Pennsylvania, 142, 15, 147, 152, 174, 175; con-
stitution of, 154, 162–71 passim, 173, 187,
595, 756
Pennsylvania Democratic Society, 762, 763
Père Duchesne, 436, 462
Perpetual Peace (Kant), 688
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 272, 415, 629,
639
Peter I (“Peter the Great” [tsar of Russia]), 313
Peter III (emperor of Russia), 303
Philadelphia, 139
Philippe Egalité (the ci- devant Duke of Or-
leans), 453, 556
Philosophical History of European Establishments
in the Two Indies (Raynal), 178
Pichegru, Jean- Charles, 543, 564
Pickering, Timothy, 650n15, 752n10
Piedmont, 27, 573
Pietism, 705
Pimentel, Eleonora de Fonseca, 658
Pinto, Isaac de, 185
Pitt, William, 113, 122, 227, 238
Pitt, William (William Pitt the Younger), 60,
113, 24, 227, 230, 231, 238, 325, 528, 727;
on the abolition of the Irish Parliament,
736; answer of to the English Dissenters,
241; and the aristocracy, 227; on Austrian
territorial policy, 780; belief of in the need
for parliamentary reform, 226, 714; deal-
ings with revolutionary France, 538, 539,
555; introduction of an income tax by, 729;
as the “King’s man,” 227, 227n13; opinion
of on peace with the French Republic, 777;
and Robespierre, 465
“Pitt terror,” 720
Pius VI (pope), 329, 539, 540, 650; attempted
reforms of, 649; death of, 783; on the death
of Louis XVI, 448; and Louis XVIII, 539,
539n15; Maury’s advice to concerning the
restoration in France, 380
Pius VII (pope), 17, 329, 540, 607, 651, 783;
acceptance of “democracy” in the Cisalpine
Republic, 639
Pius IX (pope), 608
Platière, Jean- Marie, 56
Playfair, William, 732
Plebian Manifesto (Babeuf ), 553
Poggi, Giuseppe, 605, 606, 797
Poland, 7, 10, 23, 25, 26, 34, 55, 65, 76, 91,
274, 298, 300; annexation of parts of, 424;
appearance of the first periodical in, 315;
army of, 312; class divisions in, 308; com-
position of the Republic of Poland, 424;
desire of Russia and Prussia to annex Po-
land, 424; diaspora of the Polish patriots,
504; domination of the rural estates in, 438;
First Partition of, 26, 305, 325, 425; foreign
aid provided to, 313; intellectual Enlight-
enment in, 314; invasion of by Russia
(1792), 440, 441n26, 442, 444; Jews in, 309,
311, 316, 324; in the Middle Ages, 311;
peasant population of, 309; political clubs
in, 324; reliance of on foreign aid, 76; revo-
lution in, 7, 10, 17; Second Partition of,
309, 325, 438, 445, 471, 482; tax revenues
of, 313; Third Partition of, 489; unrest in
Russian Poland, 780. See also Four Years’
Diet (1788–1792); Poland, abortive revolu-
tion of (1794); Poland, nobility/aristocracy
in; Poland, revolution in and the constitu-
tion (1791) of
Poland, abortive revolution of (1794), 482–90,
482n14; actions of the Right during, 484,
487; and the denunciation of Jacobinism,
489; formation of the Polish resistance
movement, 483; Jewish involvement in,
488; as the only revolution without French
aid, 486; and the Polaniec Proclamation,
487; and the problem of serfdom, 487; role
of the Polish Jacobins in, 488; role of sym-
bolism in the revolutionary movement, 485
Poland, nobility/aristocracy in, 215, 310, 321;