Index 847
serve a place in the annals of Liberty (Des-
moulins), 322
Rhine Convention, 685
Rhineland, 7, 414, 421, 461, 464, 506, 550,
584, 618, 629, 667, 692–94, 694n22,
695n24, 696, 697, 7789; annexation of by
France, 507; commercial development in,
693; French influence in, 694; republican-
ism in, 667, 693
Rhineland Republic, 7, 261n36, 695, 696
Ricci, Scipione di, 606
Richelieu (Cardinal Richelieu), 343
Riga, 475
Rights of Man, The (Paine), 17, 420, 426, 497,
11, 717, 718, 720, 721, 723, 737, 758, 792
Robbins, Chandler, 763
Roberti, M., 603–4n25
Robespierre, Maximilien, 12, 56, 94, 198,
268n53, 282, 330, 332, 334, 348, 350, 353,
358, 471, 487, 493, 763,769; belief in the
existence of foreign conspiracy composed
of “ultras,” 456; belief in universal suf-
frage, 464; coupling of virtue and terror
by, 467; criticism of, 698; death of, 16,
451, 470; definition of “democracy,” 16;
economic beliefs/policies of, 455, 454n12;
election of to the Committee of Public
Safety, 456; on human authority and
pride, 469; on individual reason, 469; as a
Jacobin of the Mountain, 398; on the mil-
itary strength of a democracy, 460; per-
sonality of, 282; and the political theory of
insurrection, 404; “Robespierrism,” 553;
tolerance of insurrection by, 460; views of
the Third Estate of France, 329; views of
violence, 468
Robinson, John, 112, 227
Robison, John, 413–15, 479, 479n6, 559n36,
560, 627, 690
Rochambeau, Jean- Baptiste de, 157, 84, 185,
363
Rohan, Louis René Édouard (Cardinal
Rohan): and the Diamond Necklace affair,
339, 783; wealth of, 783
Roman Catholics/Catholicism, 170, 221, 288,
319, 391, 540, 585, 635, 69, 783; burning of
Catholic neighborhoods in London, 311;
conflict of with Joseph II, 263, 264, 282;
conflicts between Presbyterians and Cath-
olics in Ireland, 735–36; in France, 540,
635; in Ireland, 220, 639, 735; in Poland,- See also Catholic Committee of Dub-
lin
Roman Republic, 639, 641, 645, 648–55; and
the abortive “Ancona Republic,” 651; con-
stitution of, 650; failure of, 662; French tax
levies in, 668; invasion of by Neapolitan
forces, 654; and the mutiny against Mas-
séna, 652; as a “project,” 652; radicalization
of, 652–53, 655; recognition of by foreign
powers, 625; structure of, 630
Rome, 7, 52, 581, 583, 584, 652; Jansenism in,
581, 649, 651; Jews in, 650; occupation of
by the French, 581, 596; reaction of the
cardinals and other clergy to the revolution,
639–40; revolution in (1798), 607
Romme, Gilbert, 379
Rosenberg, Hans, 27; on the “aristobureau-
cracy,” 306
Rosicrucians, 688
Rosset, F. A., 669–70
Rossiter, Clinton, 181, 191
Rota, E., 603–4n25
Rotuli parliamentorum, 141
Rousseau, Jean- Jacques, 12, 14, 22, 30, 44, 84–
89, 167–68; abandonment of his own chil-
dren, 100; abdication of his title as Citizen
of Geneva, 98; attack of on Voltaire, 98;
banning of in Paris and Geneva, 104; on
the definition of democracy, 93; as father of
the French Revolution, 349; flight of from
Switzerland to England and France, 100;
hallucinations and paranoia of, 83; influ-
ence of in America, 130; involvement of in
the politics of Geneva, 22, 103; lessons
learned by from the troubles in Poland,
307; on liberty, 316; on monarchy, 93; “par-
adoxes” of, 91; protection of by the king of
Prussia, 98; skepticism of, 95; on the sover-
eignty of the people, 222; stoning of, 100;
on the three types of aristocracy, 93; view of
“pure” democracy, 14. See also Genevese
“revolution” (1768)
Roussillon, 115
Roux, Jacques, 459
Rowan, Hamilton, 220; emigration of to
America, 719
Ruffo, Fabrizio, 649, 655, 660, 781, 782
Ruines (Volney), 748
Rumania, 502–504