S-2 SUBJECT INDEX
Chinese
antidepressant dosages for, 423
childhood memories of,
298–299
collectivist culture and,
64–65
divorce and, 495
ethnocentrism and, 363
intellectual performance,
253–254
Chinese immigrants, rise and fall
of attitudes toward, 366
Chomsky, Noam, 85–87
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
(CTE), 118, 119, 146
Chunks, 280–281
Cigarette smoking, 178
prenatal effects of, 80
Cilia (hair cells), 205–206
Circadian rhythms, 154–156
biological clock, 155
defined, 154
drug effects and, 178
Clarity, relative, 201
Classes/intervals, A2
Classical conditioning, 307,
308–309
defined, 309
effectiveness of, 311
learning to fear things,
313–315
learning to like things,
312–313
vs. operant conditioning, 317
principles of, 309–311
reacting to medical treatments,
315–316
in real life, 312–316
Claustrophobia, 389
Cleaning behavior, odors
and, 210
Cleanliness, culture and, 65
Cleckley, Hervey M., 395
Clever Hans (horse), 259
Client-centered (nondirective)
therapy, 430
Clinical psychologists, 10, 11, 44
Closure (form perception),
199–200, 206
Clozaril, 420
CNS. See Central nervous system
(CNS)
Cocaine, 174, 175, 178
effect on brain, 177
fetal development and, 81
serotonin and, 177
Cocaine addiction, biology of,
399, 400
Cochlea, 205
Cochlear implants, 216
Codeine, 175, 176
Cognition. See also Animals,
intelligence in
elements of, 228–229
role in emotions, 456
Cognitive, origin of the term, 7
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT),
429–430
anxiety disorders and, 437
for chronic pain, 213
health problems and, 437Brainwashing, 354–355
Branch Davidian sect, 355
Brightness, 194
Brightness constancy, 202
Broca’s area, 136
schizophrenia and, 408
Brontophobia, 389
Brown fat, 485
Bulimia nervosa, 385, 488–489
Burning, 211
Bystander apathy, 358C
Caffeine, 146, 174, 175, 181
Calabari of Nigeria, ideal weight
of, 487
Camerer, Colin, 238
Cancer, depression and, 468
Cancer-prone personality, 468
Cannabis sativa, 176–177
Cannon, Walter, 461
Cartwright, Samuel, 384
Case studies/case histories,
19–20, 30
Catastrophizing, 429
Catatonic stupor, 406
Cattell, Raymond B., 52
Caucasians/white, color deficiency
in, 198
Causality, illusion of, 49
Causation, correlation and, 25
CBT. See Cognitive-behavior
therapy (CBT)
Celexa, 421
Cell body, 123
Cell phone use, driving and,
27, 230
Centile rank, A4–A5, A9
Central nervous system (CNS),
120–121. See also
specific topics
defined, 120
Central tendency, measures of,
A3–A4, A9
Central traits (personality), 52
Cerebellum, 134
memory and, 286
Cerebral cortex, 133, 136
addiction and, 399
dreams and, 167, 168
memory and, 286
Cerebral hemispheres, 135
Cerebrum, 133, 135–137
Challenger space shuttle
explosion, 357
Charnley, Bryan, 407
Chastity, attitudes toward, 500
Child abuse. See also Sexual
abuse
and depression, 393
and insecure attachment, 84
resilience and, 110
Child custody assessments,
386–387
Child neglect
and depression, 393
and insecure attachment, 84
Child rearing, 111–112. See also
Discipline
Chimpanzees, intelligence in,
255–257Biological approach, 71
Biological clock, 155
Biological perspective, 6, 44
Biological rhythms, 153–159. See
also Circadian rhythms
defined, 153
influence of, 153–154
moods and long-term rhythms,
156–159
Biological treatments, 419–425.
See also Drug treatments
direct brain intervention,
424–425
Bipolar disorder, 383, 392, 394
Bipolar neurons, 196
Birds, intelligence in, 258
Bitter taste, 208
Blacks. See also African
Americans
antidepressant dosages
for, 423
color deficiency in, 198
IQ scores, 250
Blaming the victim, 349
Bleuler, Eugen, 406
Blind spot, 195–197
Body image, ideal, 489
cultural influences on,
487–488
Body image distortions, 488, 489
Body language, 459
Body shape, 484–486
Bonobos, intelligence
in, 257–258
Border collies, intelligence
in, 258
Borderline personality
disorder, 395
Bororo nomads of Nigeria, body
shape of, 484
Boston Marathon bombings,
340–341, 373
Bowlby, John, 82
Brain, 120. See also specific
topics
anatomy, 133–137
drug effects on, 177, 399–400
electrical and magnetic
detection, 129–131
emotion and, 450–452
flexibility, 142–145
gender differences, 143–145
hemispheres, 138–141
mapping, 129–132
memory and, 285–287, 297
plasticity, 216
scanning, 131–132
sex differences, 143–145
during sleep, 159–160
split, 138–140
weight and, 485
Brain development
in adolescence, 102
childhood amnesia and, 297
in puberty, 102
Brain injuries, 118–119,
145–146
Brain intervention, direct,
424–425
Brain stem, 133–134
defined, 133Averages. See Central tendency,
measures of
Avoidance-avoidance
conflicts, 513
Avoidance goals, 506, 507
Avoidant style of attachment,
83, 492, 493
Axon terminal, 123, 124
Axons, 123–124
B
Balance, sense of, 213–214
Banality of evil, 373
Bandura, Albert, 333
Baoulé of Ivory Coast, cognitive
development in, 93
Bar graphs, A2, A3, A9
Barbiturates, 174, 175, 181
Barnum effect, how to avoid,
72–73
Bartlett, Frederic, 271
Basal metabolism rate, 484
Basic concepts, 228
Basic needs, 514
Basic psychology, 9, 44
Basilar membrane, 206
Bay of Pigs invasion (Cuba), 357
Beck Depression Inventory, 387
Behavior, 331. See also specific
topics
consequences of,
318–320, 331
Behavior modification, 325
Behavior therapy,
427–428, 432
for anxiety disorders and, 437
for childhood/adolescent
behavior problems, 437
for health problems, 437
relapse prevention and, 437
Behavioral economics, 237
Behavioral genetics, 57
Behavioral self-monitoring,
427–428
Behaviorism, 307, 311
radical, 317–318
Behaviorists, 6–7
Beliefs
genetics of, 352–354
and perception, 216–217
social influences on, 348–355
Beta-blockers, 421
Bias blind spot, 241
Bias(es), 15
affect heuristic, 235–236
availability heuristic, 236
cognitive, 239–241
confirmation, 15, 44,
238–239
exaggerating the improbable,
235–236
fairness, 236–238
framing effect, 236
hindsight, 238
overcoming, 241
volunteer, 22
Big Five dimensions of
personality, 52–54, 56
Binet, Alfred, 243
Binge-eating disorder, 489
Binocular cues to depth, 201