SUBJECT INDEX S-3love, gender, and, 494–495
and maturation, 81–82
and memory, 282, 298–299
and perception, 217–218
and personality factors, 52
and personality traits, 65–66
and premenstrual syndrome
(PMS), 159
regional variations in, 66–68
sex differences in brain
and, 143
social support and, 474
and taste preferences, 209, 210
therapeutic alliance and, 433
variation in, 68
Curiosity and creativity, 261
Curtiss, Susan, 19
Curves, A6–A7, A9
normal, A6, A9
skewed, A6–A7, A9
Cutting, 382
Cymbalta, 421
Cynical hostility, 468D
Dark adaptation, 195
Darley, John, 345
Darwin, Charles, 6, 85,
448, 449
Data organization, A1–A3
Daycare and attachment, 84
de Waal, Frans, 226
Decay theory (forgetting),
292–293
Decibels (dB), 205
Decision process, 191
Declarative memories, 283
Decorative scars, 382
Deep brain stimulation
(DBS), 425
Deep processing, 290
Defense mechanisms, 44–45.
See also Repression
Definitions, operational, 14
Deindividuation, 359–360
Déjà vu, 294
Delaney, Gayle, 166
Delta waves, 160
Delusions, 406
Dendrites, 123, 124
Denial, 45
Denmark, punishment in, 326
Depakote, 422
Dependent variables, 27
Depressants, 174–176
Depression, 392
adolescent, 103
aging and, 109
cognitive therapy for,
428–429, 436
contributing factors
cognitive habits, 393–394
genetic factors, 392–393
life experience and
circumstances, 393
losses of important
relationships, 393
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
for, 425
major, 392–394
in women, 392, 394, 459Crack, 174
Cranial nerves, 124
Creative (experiential)
intelligence, 247
Creativity, 261
bipolar disorder and, 394
drug use and, 147
fostering, 261
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
(CISD), 435–436, 439
Critical periods, 215–216
experiences during, 215–216
in language acquisition, 87
Critical thinking, 44, 233
analysis of assumptions/
biases, 15
asking questions, 13–14
avoiding emotional reasoning,
15–16
avoiding oversimplification, 15
considering other
interpretations, 16–17
defined, 13
defining terms, 14
examining the evidence, 14–15
guidelines, 13–17
hypothesis, 14
operational definitions, 14
practice in, 17
requirements of, 13
toleration of uncertainty, 17
Cross-sectional method, 38
Crowds, 358–360, 466
Crystallized intelligence,
108, 243
Cue-dependent forgetting,
294–295
Cultural causes of prejudice,
366–367
Cultural differences
dealing with, 374–375
therapists who are culturally
ignorant, 439
Cultural influences
on personality, 64–67
culture, values, and traits,
64–66
evaluating cultural approach-
es, 67–68
on weight and the ideal body,
487–488
Cultural psychology, 72, 341
Cultural syndromes, 385
Cultural variation in sexual
behavior, 499–500
Culture(s). See also Ethnic identity
alcoholism and, 400–402
and cognitive development, 93
collectivist, 64–65
control and, 466–467
defined, 64, 342
dissociative identity disorder
and, 404
emotion and, 457–460
gender differences in brain
and, 143
gender schema and, 98
of honor, 66–67
individualist, 64–65
intelligence testing and,
245–246Conflict. See also Group conflict
approach-approach, 513
approach-avoidance, 514
avoidance-avoidance, 513
friends as source of, 474–475
Conformity, 356
Congruence, 70
Connectionist model, 279
Conscience, 95–96
Conscientiousness, 52, 53, 352
control and, 465–466
Consciousness
altered states of, 174
defined, 153
Consequences of behavior,
318–320, 331
Conservation (cognition), 90–91
Consolidation of memory,
163–164, 285
Contact comfort, 82
Contact hypothesis, 371–372
Contextual (practical) intelligence,
247–248
Continuity (form perception),
200, 206
Continuous reinforcement, 321.
See also Intermittent
(partial) schedule of
reinforcement
Control
locus of, 466
primary, 466
secondary, 466–467
Control conditions, 28–29
Control group, 28
Conventionality, 54
Convergence (visual
perception), 201
Convergent thinking, 261
Conversational distance,
342–343
Coping. See also Stress:
coping with
emotion-focused, 472
successful, 475–476
Corkin, Suzanne, 270
Cornea, 195
Corpus callosum, 135, 138–139
Correlation
negative, 24
positive, 23–24
Correlation coefficient, 24
Correlational studies, 23–25, 30
Correlations
causation and, 25
cautions about, 25
illusory, 25
measuring, 23–24
negative, 24
positive, 23–24
zero, 24
Cortisol, 128
and aggression and, 67
stress response and,
462–463, 468
Cosmetic neurology, 146–147
Cotton, Ronald, 268–269, 273,
299, 300
Counseling psychologists, 10
Counterconditioning, 314, 427
Couples therapy, 431–432for insomnia, 181
relapse prevention and, 437
Cognitive consistency, need for,
239–241
Cognitive decline, aging and,
108–109
Cognitive development, 89–90.
See also Language
development
childhood amnesia and,
297–298
continuous nature of, 92
current views of, 91–93
education, culture, and, 93
stages of, 90–91
Cognitive dissonance, 239–241,
350, 437
Cognitive ethology, 255
Cognitive habits and depression,
393–394
Cognitive perspective, 7, 44
Cognitive schemas, 229, 278
Cognitive therapy, 427–429, 432
for anger and impulsive
violence, 437
defined, 428
depression and, 428–429, 436
Cold, common
stress and, 463
Cold, sensation of, 211
Collective unconscious, 47
Collectivist cultures, 64–65
Color blindness, 198
Color constancy, 202
Color deficiency, 198
Color perception, 198–199
Commitment, 493
Common sense, psychology
compared with, 4–5
Communion (Strieber), 271
Community, psychology in the,
11–12
Companionate love, 490
Competence vs. inferiority, 104
Componential intelligence, 247
Compulsions, 390
Computers, artificial intelligence
and, 260
Concepts, 228–229. See also
specific topics
basic, 228
defined, 228
Conceptual grids/networks, 282
Concrete operations stage, 91
Conditional positive regard, 70
Conditional reflex, 308
Conditioned punishers, 318–319
Conditioned reinforcers,
318–319
Conditioned response (CR), 309
Conditioned stimulus (CS), 309
Conditioning, 307. See also
Classical conditioning;
Operant conditioning
vicarious, 332
Cones, 196
Confabulation, 271, 295, 296
conditions of, 271–272
Confession, benefits of, 469–470
Confirmation bias, 15, 44,
238–239