ZBrush Character Creation - Advanced Digital Sculpting 2nd Edition

■ Sculpting the Skull 61

8. Add two triangles of muscle on either side of the chin. These are called the triangularis
   muscles. These muscles pull the corners of the lips down in a frowning expression.
   Add a dot in the center of the chin to represent the mentalis muscle. These shapes com-
   bined with the bottom of the orbicularis oris create the subtle W-shaped form changes
   seen in the chin.


9. Add the buccinator. The buccinator emerges from beneath the jaw and the masseter to
   insert at the corners of the mouth. This muscle serves to pull the corners of the mouth
   back. The step down between the masseter and the buccinator creates an important
   plane change at the cheek, which is often visible in very muscular individuals. Strong
   neck and shoulder muscles often result in a strong masseter. Lower body fat ratios also
   tend to reveal this muscle more in the face, giving it a chiseled look (Figure 2.53).


10. The forehead is covered by a thin pair of muscles called the frontalis. These muscles
    have the main function of raising the brows. Be careful not to lose the shape of the
    frontal eminence of the structure of the skull. Notice that the frontalis has a small
    “tail” that inserts into the medial of the eye socket (Figure 2.54).


11. The zygomaticus major and minor connect the cheekbones to the corner of the mouth.
    They create the plane change from the face to the cheeks. These muscles help in creat-
    ing the smiling expression.

Figure 2.53 Sculpting the buccinator

Figure 2.51 Pulling out the cheek
hollows to sculpt the buccinator

Figure 2.52 Sculpting the mouth muscle called orbicularis oris