notes to pages 127‒138 389- Clements, Woodrow Wilson , 178.
- Th is summary is based upon Clements, Woodrow Wilson , chap. 10.
- Th is is Clements’s division. MacMillan suggests four groups, separating
the Republicans who were not yet committed. MacMillan, Paris 1919 ,
487–88. - Clements, Woodrow Wilson , 190; MacMillan, Paris 1919 , 152.
- For a discussion of the various cultural, psychological, and medical
explanations for Wilson’s refusal to compromise, see John Milton
Cooper Jr., Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the
Fight for the League of Nations (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2001), chap. 10. - Cooper, Breaking the Heart of the World , 418–19.
- Clements, Woodrow Wilson , 194–95.
- Cooper, Breaking the Heart of the World , 426.
- Wilson, “War Message to Congress.”
Chapter 3
- Stephen Ambrose, “‘Just Dumb Luck’: American Entry into World War
II,” in Americans at War (Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1997),
57–66. Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau Jr. cautioned Roosevelt
in August 1941 against continuing to rely on “dumb luck” to bring the
United States into the war on favorable terms. - Mark M. Lowenthal, “Roosevelt and the Coming of the War: Th e Search
for United States Policy 1937–42,” Journal of Contemporary History 16 (3)
(July 1981): 413–40, at 414. - S e e Th omas Ferguson, “Industrial Confl ict and the Coming of the New
Deal: Th e Triumph of Multinational Liberalism in America,” in Th e Rise
and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980 , ed. Steve Fraser and Gary
Gerstle (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), 3–31. - Lowenthal, “Roosevelt and the Coming of the War,” 417.
- For the fullest account of the events leading to the outbreak of war in
Europe in 1939, see Donald Cameron Watt, How War Came: Th e Imme-
diate Origins of the Second World War, 1938–1939 (New York: Pantheon
Books, 1989). - Watt, How War Came , 556.
- Lowenthal, “Roosevelt and the Coming of the War,” 417–18.
- Harold I. Gullan, “Expectations of Infamy: Roosevelt and Marshall
Prepare for War, 1938–41,” Presidential Studies Quarterly 28 (3) (Summer
1998): 510–22, at 514 ; Peter Trubowitz, Politics and Strategy: Partisan Ambition
and American Statecraft (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011), 74. - Watt, How War Came , 129–30.
- Watt, How War Came , 260.
- Watt, How War Came , chap. 24.