1064 Credits
34-14A:© Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum, London;34-15:© Fulvio Roiter/
CORBIS;34-16:© abm-Archives Barbier-Mueller, photographer Pierre-Alain Ferrazzini;34-16A:
National Museum of African Art, Washington, D.C. (Gift of The Walt Disney Company);34-17:
© Charles & Josette Lenars/CORBIS;34-18:Fowler Museum at UCLA, photo: Don Cole;34-19:
© Otto Lang/CORBIS;34-20:© 2007 Peabody Museum, Harvard University 17-41-50/B1908
T762.1;34-21:Photograph by Eliot Elisofon, 1971, EEPA EECL 2139, Eliot Elisofon Photographic
Archives, National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution;34-22:© Herbert M. Cole;
34-23:© Herbert M. Cole;34-24:Photograph by Philip L. Ravenhill, 1989, EEPA 1989-060346
Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution;
34-25:© Trigo Piula;34-26:© Willie Bester;34-27:© Griggs Matt/CORBIS SYGMA.
Chapter 35—35-1:Photo © Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1950-134-59, © 2008 Artists
Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris/Succession Marcel Duchamp;35-2:Photo © San
Francisco Museum of Modern Art, © 2008 Succession H. Matisse, Paris/Artists Rights Society
(ARS), NY;35-2A:HENRI MATISSE © 2011 Succession H. Matisse/Artists Rights Society
(ARS), New York. Photograph: © The Bridgeman Art Library;35-3:© 2008 Succession H.
Matisse, Paris/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-4:photo © Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY,
© 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris;35-4A:Image Courtesy of the Board of
Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.;35-5:© by Ingeborg & Dr. Wolfgang Henze-
Ketterer, Wichtrach/Bern;35-6:© Hamburger Kunsthalle, BPK, Berlin. Photo Elke Walford/Art
Resource, NY;35-6A:The Nelson-Atkins Museum, Kansas City;35-7:Solomon R. Guggenheim
Museum Founding Collection, Gift, Solomon R. Guggenheim, 37.239, © 2008 Arts Rights Society
(ARS)/ADAGP, Paris;35-8:Oeffentliche Kunstammlung, Basel, photo Martin Bühler;35-9:
Photo © Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY, © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/VG Bild-
Kunst, Bonn;35-9A:akg-images;35-10:© Burstein Collection/CORBIS;35-10A:©Art Re-
source, NY;35-11:Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource, NY,
47.106, © 2008 Estate of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-11A:PABLO
PICASSO © 2011 Estate of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Photograph:
© National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.;35-12:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern
Art/Licensed by Scala, 333.1939, © 2008 Estate of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS),
NY;35-13:Photo: Coursaget, © Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY, © 2008 Estate
of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-14:Photo © Giraudon/Art Resource, NY,
© 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris;35-15:Photography © The Art Institute
of Chicago, Joseph Winterbotham Collection, 1959.1;35-16:Photo: R. G. Ojeda © Réunion des
Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY, © 2008 Estate of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society
(ARS), NY;35-17:© 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris;35-18:Digital Image
© The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 640.1973, © 2008 Estate of
Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-18A:PABLO PICASSO © 2011 Estate of
Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Digital Image © The Museum of Modern
Art/Licensed by SCALA/Art Resource, NY;35-19:The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas
City, Missouri, gift of the Friends of Art, F70-12, photograph by Jamison Miller;35-20:© Digital
Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala, Art Resource, NY, 581.1943, © 2008
Estate of Alexander Archipenko/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-21:Digital Image © The
Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 16.1953, © 2008 Artists Rights
Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris;35-22:Photo © Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1952- 61-58,
© 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris;35-22A:FERNAND LEGER © 2011
Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris. Photograph: The Museum of Modern
Art/Licensed by SCALA/Art Resource, NY;35-23:© Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo/The
Bridgeman Art Library;35-24:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by
Scala/Art Resource, NY, 231.1948;35-25:Photo © The Bridgeman Art Library, © 2008 Artists
Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris;35-26:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/
Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 457.1937, © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/VG Bild-
Kunst, Bonn;35-27:Photo © Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1998-74-1, © 2008 Artists Rights
Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris/Succession Marcel Duchamp;35-27A:MARCEL DUCHAMP
© 2011 Artists Rights Society/ADAGP, Paris/Succession Marcel Duchamp. Photograph:
© Philadelphia Museum of Art;35-28:Photo © Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1952-98-1,
© 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ ADAGP, Paris/Succession Marcel Duchamp;35-29:
Photo © Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY, NG 57/61, © 2008 Artists Rights
Society (ARS), NY/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn;35-30:Photo © Yale University Art Gallery/Art Re-
source, NY, © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn;35-31:Photo
© Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1964-116-005;35-32:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern
Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY;35-33:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/
Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 249.1966, © 2008 Man Ray Trust/Artists Rights Society
(ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris;35-34:Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art
Resource, NY; 49.70.42;35-34A:© The Estate of Arthur Dove. Reproduction, The Art Institute
of Chicago;35-35:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Re-
source, NY, 132.1951, Art © Estate of Stuart Davis/Licensed by VAGA, NY;35-36: Photo © Fisk
University Galleries, University of Tennessee, Nashville;35-36A:Schomburg Center for Research
in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, New York, NY, U.S.A. Photo Credit: SCHOMBURG
CENTER/Art Resource, NY;35-37:© 2003 Whitney Museum of American Art;35-38:Photo
© Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, Lincoln, Nebraska, © 2008 Georgia O’Keeffe Museum/Artists
Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-39:Photo © Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, © 2008 Georgia
O’Keeffe Museum/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-39A:ALFRED STIEGLITZ © 2011
Georgia O’Keeffe Museum/Artist Rights Society (ARS), New York. Reproduction, The Art Insti-
tute of Chicago;35-40:© 1981 Center for Creative Photography, Arizona Board of Regents;
35-40A:Photograph by Edward Weston. Collection Center for Creative Photography © 1981
Arizona Board of Regents;35-41:Photo © Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY, © 2008 Estate of
Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-42:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern
Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 243.1947, Art © Estate of George Grosz/Licensed by
VAGA, NY;35-43:Photo © Walter Klein, © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/VG Bild-
Kunst, Bonn;35-44:Photo © Erich Lessing, Art Resource, NY, © 2008 Artists Rights Society
(ARS), NY/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn;35-45:Photo © Erich Lessing, Art Resource, NY, © Ernst
Barlach Lizenzverwaltung Ratzeburg;35-46:Photo © The Bridgeman Art Library, © 2008 Artists
Rights Society (ARS), NY/SIAE, Rome;35-47:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/
Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 00256.37, © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP,
Paris;35-48:Staatliche Museen zu Berlin;35-49:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern
Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 162.1934,© 2008 Salvador Dali, Gala-Salvador Dali
Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-50:Photo © Los Angeles County Museum of
Art, 78.7, © 2008 C. Herscovici, Brussels/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-50A:RENE
MAGRITTE © 2011 C. Herscovici, London/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Photograph:
© The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by SCALA/Art Resource, NY;35-51:Digital Image
© The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 130.1946a-c, © 2008 Artists
Rights Society (ARS), NY/ProLitteris, Zürich;35-52:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern
Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 229.1937, © 2008 Successió Miró/Artists Rights Society
(ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris;35-53:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by
Scala/Art Resource, NY, 564.1939, © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/VG Bild-Kunst,
Bonn;35-54:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY,
248.1935;35-54A:© Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia/The Bridgeman Art Library;35-55:
Photograph by David Heald © The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, NY, 55.1429;35-56:
© 2008 Mondrian/Holtzman Trust c/o HCR International, VA, USA;35-57:Photo © Philadelphia
Museum of Art/CORBIS, 1950-134-14, 15, © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP,
Paris;35-57A:CONSTANTIN BRANCUSI © 2011 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/
ADAGP, Paris. Photograph: © The Philadelphia Museum of Art/Art Resource, NY;35-58:Photo
© Tate Gallery, London/Art Resource, NY, © Bowness, Hepworth Estate;35-59:Photograph
© 1985 The Detroit Institute of Arts, © The Henry Moore Foundation;35-60:Photo © Gregor
M. Schmid/CORBIS, Art © Estate of Vera Mukhina/RAO, Moscow/VAGA, NY;35-61:Digital
Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 590.1939.a-d, © 2008
Estate of Alexander Calder/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-62:Courtesy The Dorothea
Lange Collection, The Oakland Museum of California;35-62A:© Margaret Bourke-White/Time
& Life Pictures/Getty Images;35-63:Photography © The Art Institute of Chicago, 1942.51,
Estate of Edward Hopper © The Whitney Museum of American Art;35-64:The Phillips Collec-
tion, Washington, D.C., © 2008 The Jacob and Gwendolyn Lawrence Foundation, Seattle/Artists
Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-65:Photography © The Art Institute of Chicago, 1930.934, Art
© Estate of Grant Wood/Licensed by VAGA, NY;35-66:Photo © Lloyd Grotjan/Full Spectrum
Photo, Jefferson City, Art © T. H. Benton and R. P. Benton Testamentary Trusts/UMB Bank
Trustee/Licensed by VAGA, NY;35-67:Commissioned by the Trustees of Dartmouth College,
Hanover, New Hampshire;35-67A:© Rufino Tamayo. Photograph © 2009 Museum Associates/
LACMA;35-68:Photo © 1986 The Detroit Institute of Arts/Dirk Bakker, © 2008 Banco de
México Diego Rivera & Frida Kahlo Museums Trust. Av. Cinco de Mayo No. 2, Col. Centro, Del.
Cuauhtémoc 06059, México, D.F;35-69:Photo © Schalkwijk/Art Resource, NY; © 2008 Banco
de México Trust;35-70:Photo © akg-images, © Estate of Vladimir Tatlin;35-71:© 2008 Artists
Rights Society (ARS), NY/Beeldrecht, Amsterdam;35-72:Photo © Vanni/Art Resource, NY,
© 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn;35-72A:© Artifice Images;
35-73:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY;
35-73A:GUNTA STOLZL © 2011 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/PICTORIGHT, Am-
sterdam. Photograph: © Bauhaus-Archiv Museum für Gestaltung, Berlin;35-74: Digital Image
© The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, © 2008 Artists Rights
Society (ARS), NY/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn;35-75:Photo © Anthony Scibilia/Art Resource, NY,
© 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP, Paris/ FLC;35-76:© Michael S. Yamashita/
CORBIS;35-77:Photo © Dennis Light/Light Photographic, © 2008 Frank Lloyd Wright Foun-
dation, Scottsdale, AZ/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-78:© 2008 Frank Lloyd Wright
Foundation, Scottsdale, AZ/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;35-79:Photo Ezra Stoller © Esto,
All rights reserved, © 2008 Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, Scottsdale, AZ/Artists Rights
Society (ARS), NY.
Chapter 36—36-1:Photograph by David Heald © The Solomon R. Guggenheim Founda-
tion, NY;36-2:Photo © Des Moines Art Center, © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ADAGP,
Paris;36-3:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY,
229.1948, © 2008 The Estate of Francis Bacon/ARS, NY/DACS, London;36-3A:FRANCIS
BACON © 2011 The Estate of Francis Bacon. All rights reserved. / ARS, New York/DACS, Lon-
don. Photograph by Bob Hashimoto. Reproduction, The Art Institute of Chicago;36-4:Photo
© Tate Gallery, London/Art Resource, NY, © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY/ ADAGP,
Paris;36-5:Photo © National Gallery of Art, 1976.37.1, © 2008 The Pollock-Krasner Founda-
tion/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;36-5A:ASHILE GORKY © 2011 Artists Rights Society,
New York. Photograph: © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by SCALA/Art Resource, NY;
36-6:Courtesy Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona © 1991 Hans Namuth
Estate;36-7:Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY,
478.1953, © 2008 The Willem de Kooning Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;
36-7A:FRANZ KLINE © 2011 The Franz Kline Estate/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New
York. Photograph: © Whitney Museum of American Art, New York;36-8:Digital Image © The
Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 240.1969, © 2008 Barnett New-
man Foundation/ Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;36-9:Photo © San Francisco Museum of
Modern Art, © 1998 Kate Rothko Prizel & Christopher Rothko/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;
36-10:© Ellsworth Kelly, photo by Philipp Scholz Rittermann;36-11:Photo © CNAC/MNAM/
Dist. Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY, © 2008 Frank Stella/Artists Rights
Society (ARS), NY;36-11A:Photo © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by SCALA/Art
Resource, NY. © Bridget Riley 2009. All rights reserved. Courtesy Karsten Schubert London;
36-12:Photo © The Detroit Institute of Arts, Founders Society Purchase, Dr. and Mrs. Hilbert
H. DeLawter Fund/The Bridgeman Art Library, Art © Helen Frankenthaler;36-13:© Solomon
R. Guggenheim, NY, 64.1685;36-14:Photo © Tate Gallery, London/Art Resource, NY, Art
© Estate of David Smith/Licensed by VAGA, NY;36-15:Digital Image © The Museum of
Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY, 333.1998, © 2008 Estate of Tony Smith/
Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;36-16:Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithson-
ian Institution, photo Lee Stalsworth, 72.154, Art © Judd Foundation/Licensed by VAGA, NY;
36-17:Photo © CNAC/MNAM/Dist. Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY, © 2008
Estate of Louise Nevelson/Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY;36-18:Photo © CNAC/MNAM/