Ortiz, Juan 95, 98, 100
Ovando, Nicolás 37
Oviedo y Valdés, Gonsalo Fernán-
dez de. See Fernández de
Oviendo Valdés, Gonzalo
P
Pacific coast 122m, 159 m
Pacific Northwest 157–168, 160,
161,163, 164
Pacific Ocean 45, 45, 46 m,49, 126
Palos 26, 27, 27, 30
Palou, Francisco 149
Panama 37, 43, 66
Panama Canal 126, 170
Paracoxi Indians 96, 97
Paraguay 90, 175
parchment 23
parrots 4, 28
peanuts 179
Pearl Islands 46
pearls 26, 64, 99, 101
pecans 86
Perestrello, Bartholomew 25
Pérez, Juan 157, 159m
Perico 97, 98
Peruxvi, 10, 46, 65–67, 66,68,
73 m, 75,91, 105, 175
Pez, Andrés de 144
Philip II (king of Spain) 105, 133
Pilgrims xvi
pilot 186g
Pima Indians 146, 147
Pimería Alta 146, 148
Pinta(ship) 7, 15,17, 26, 29, 30
Pinzón, Martín Alonso 26, 29
Pinzón, Vicente Yáñez 26, 40
Piombo, Sebastiano del 25
piraquas142, 143
pirates 124, 125
Pizarro, Francisco 46, 65–68, 66,
68, 73 m,75, 93, 170, 171
Pizarro, Gonzalo 73m,75–76, 79
Pizarro, Hernando 69
plantation systems 49, 50
Plymouth Colony xvi
pneumonia 35
Point Conception 128
Point Conclusion 167
pole frames 117
Pole Star 18
Polo, Marco 12, 29, 37
Ponce de León, Diego de Vargas
Zapata 140
Ponce de León, Juan 47m,47–49,
48,92, 93
Popocatépetl 58
Port des Français 162
porter 101, 186g
Portolá, Gaspar de 149–151
portolan (chart) 16–17,17, 186g
Portugal and Portuguese
and Africa 15
astronomers 18
claim to Brazil of 40
colonization by 19, 22, 181m
and Christopher Columbus 2,
3, 30
exploration by 12–13, 13
independence from 174
language 175
mapmaking in 17, 18
mariners from 12–13
shipbuiding 15, 17
slavers 179
trade with 15
Treaty of Tordesillas 40, 80
Amerigo Vespucci 43
potatoes 178–179
Póveda, Martin de 73m
prairie 186g
presidio 186g
Pr ester John 23
prickly pear cactus 86, 86
priests 57, 94,140, 147. See also
missionaries
prime meridian 172
Princess Real(ship). See Princess
Royal
Princess Royal(ship) 163
Prince William Sound 160, 163
printing plates 23
printing presses 23
privateer 125, 186g
Ptolemy 11,17, 23, 125
Pueblo Rebellion 140, 141
pueblos 110, 186g
Acoma Pueblo 114–115,115,
135
Alcanfor Pueblo 116
Arenal Pueblo 116Pecos of Cicuyé 116
of Háwikuh 107,109,110, 115
Ohkay Pueblo 133
San Gabriel Pueblo 136
San Juan Pueblo 135–136
Taos Pueblo 116, 140, 141
Tiguex pueblos 116, 117
Zuni Pueblo 156
Puerto de la Trinidad 158
Puerto Rico 22, 174
Puget, Peter 165
Puget Sound 165
pumpkins 178Q
quadrant 18, 186 g
Quechua 68
Quechua language 175
Queen Charlotte Strait 166
Querechos Indians 117
Quesada, Gonzalo Jiménez de. See
Jiménez de Quesada, Gonzalo
Quetzalcoatl 56
Quimper, Manuel 163, 164
quipus 68
Quito 72, 79
Quivira 116–119, 134–135R
raft, trading 65, 66
Raleigh, Sir Walter 80, 80
Ranjel, Rodrigo 93, 101, 104
ransom 71
Reconquista(Reconquest) 14
red ochre 85
Relación del Suceso106, 115
religion. SeeCatholicism and
Catholics; Christianity; mission-
aries; Muslims
religious prophecies 56
requerimiento 94
Resolution(ship) 160, 161
revolt 35
revolutions 174
Ribault, Jean 105
Ribiero, Diego 123
Rica de Oro 131
Rica de Plata 131
rice 178, 179
Río de la Plata 49Index B 203