Public Speaking

312 Index

attitudes, 4, 73, 74-75, 239-241, 245

audience

need to know of, 57

persuasive speaking and, 239–241, 240t

pluralistic, 160–161

presentation aids and, 165

audience analysis

audience’s perception of you, 76–78

defined, 68

demographics, 69, 71–72

informative speaking and, 199–200

motivations, 68–69

overview, 67–68

situation assessment, 75–76

speaking environment and, 76

topic and, 73–74, 75f

audio aid, 128

audio resources, 169–170

Augustine, Saint, 61

author, 89–90

authority

appeals to, 242

convincing about values and, 242

used as evidence, 105-108

award speeches, 254–255

backing, 239

ban bossy, 159

bar graphs, 169, 170f

B AV. See beliefs, attitudes, and values

behavioral effects, 63

belief, 4, 73

beliefs, attitudes, and values (BAV), 3–4, 3f, 217,

250, 253

best solutions selection step, 266

Beyoncé. See Knowles, Beyoncé

bicultural, 6

blame, 243, 244

body, 17–18

outline example of, 141–142

bossy, 159

brainstorming, 265-266

Brazil, 76

burden of proof, 238

Burke, Kenneth, 8, 150, 217

Burley-Allen, Madelyn, 43

Byden, Joe, 182

CA. See communication apprehension

Campbell, George, 61

canon, 16

of delivery, 19

of disposition or arrangement, 17–18. 114

of invention, 16–17, 56, 81, 215, 230

of memory, 19

of rhetoric, 16, 18f

of style, 18, 150

causal claims, 236

causal pattern, 116, 118t

causal reasoning, 226

cause-effect pattern, 116, 118t, 210

central idea

defined, 63

writing of, 63–65

chalkboards, 173

character, 216

charts, 168

Chief Seattle, 156, 157

China, 235

Chinese, 9, 22, 52

character for listening, 43-44f

delivery and, 192

“The Chinese Valentine’s Day” (Zeng),

271–272

Choi, Elisia, 113–114, 134

chronological pattern, 114–115, 118t,

204, 209

Churchill, Winston, 185, 191

Cicero, 171

citation, 37-38, 91-93

civic engagement, 9, 33, 234, 272

civility, 32–33, 87, 229, 269-271

claim, 236

of fact, 236–237

of policy, 237–238

of prediction, 236

of value, 237

clarification questions, 51

classification, 202

Clinton, Bill, 182

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