A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present
Index A-83
education in, 542, 775
1848 unrest in, 613, 614, 619, 626, 629,
630, 631,635-36, 643
in eighteenth-century rivalries, 387
Enlightenment in, 340—42
finances of, 267-68
in Franco-Prussian War, 665, 668-70, 669,
685, 731-32, 825, 884, 963, 965
Frederick the Great’s reforms in, 393-94
French Revolution and, 457, 458, 460-61,
463, 472, 474
in German unification, 660-73
government administration in, 267, 341
Huguenots in, 259
Industrial Revolution in, 524, 529
Italian unification and, 654, 657, 662
Jews in, 341
land ownership in, 266, 547
liberal movements and, 587, 588, 605,
662-63, 664
middle classes in, 503, 535
military of, 248, 249, 267-69, 401, 403,
503, 662-63, 664-66
monarchy of, 246, 612
Napoleonic Wars and, 482, 488-89, 498,
501, 504, 506, 509
nobles of (Junkers), 246, 265-67, 341, 351,
362, 380, 394, 534, 577, 621, 630,
631, 661, 662, 663, 670, 682, 1021
overseas trade of, 418
peasants in, 266-67, 356, 358, 501
in Polish Partitions, 428, 429, 430, 937
and Polish uprising of 1863, 664, 668
population growth in, 364
rise of, 265-68, 266
serfdom in, 245, 266-67, 341, 362, 501,
547
in Seven Years’ War, 399, 401
tariffs and customs in, 530
taxes in, 247, 267, 394, 663
trade and commerce in, 235
and Treaty of Paris, 571
voting rights in, 580, 630, 662
in War of the Austrian Succession, 393,
394-96, 397
in War of the Spanish Succession, 280
workers in, 547
see also German states
Prussian Code (1794), 341
psychoanalysis, 808
Ptolemy, Clausius, 288, 290-92, 298
Public Against Violence (Czechoslovakia), 1201
public health, 697, 697, 766, 768, 805-6,
932
see also medical care
Public Health Act (Great Britain; 1866), 697
public opinion, 422
emergence of, 346
Puerto Rico, 587, 822
Pufendorf, Samuel von, 261
Pugachev, Emelian, 359
Puritanism:
in England, 184, 309
in English Civil War, 211-12, 215-16,
218, 219, 220, 309
in North America, 196, 414
Pushkin, Alexander, 706
Putin, Vladimir, 1209, 1217
Pu-Yi, Henry, 1050
Pym,John, 216, 216, 217, 219
Pyramids, Battle of the (1798), 482
Pyrenees, Treaty of the (1659), 206, 279
quadrants, 288
Quadruple Alliance, 571, 576
Quakers, 226, 235, 326
quantum theory, 757, 758
Quebec, 196
Quebec, Battle of (1759), 400-401,400
Quebec Act (Great Britain; 1774), 418
Quesnay, Francois, 345
Quisling, Vidkun, 1080
Rabin, Yitzhak, 1235
Racine, Jean, 258
racism, 1004
Radetzky, Count Joseph, 624, 625, 626, 636,
641
Radical Party (France), 734, 736, 740-41,
786, 988, 1018
radicals:
1848 unrest and, 619, 624, 627
in Victorian Britain, 694
Radicals (Spain), 1043
radio, 755, 1 122, 1144
radioactivity, 756
Radziwill, Prince Charles, 352
Raft of the Medusa, The (Gericault), 583
railroads, 519-23, 520, 521, 522, 526, 531,
675, 728, 742,751,845,875
in China, 840-41
in European colonies, 825-27, 830, 838,
848
in post-World War II era, 1143
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 190, 196
Rally of the French People (RPF), 1129
Ranters, 221
Rapallo Treaty (1922), 984
Raphael, 64, 66, 67, 71, 72
Rasputin, Grigori, 930, 931
Rastatt, Treaty of (1714), 281,282
Rathenau, Walter, 984
