554 • IndexSelim I (sultan), 144
Selim II (sultan), 146,150
Selim III (sultan), 159
Seljuk Empire, 87, 96-97
Rum Seljuks and, 97
Seljuks, 96
Fatimids and, 92map
Semitic languages, 23
Separation wall, in Israel, 441,442map
September 11 attack, 1,419,421,426,430,
431,434,441
Serbia, 141,164,197
Seven Pillars of Wisdom (Lawrence), 214
Seven Years'War, 164
Sèvres, Treaty of, 218,228,229
Sexuality, 38,47, 50,66, 82,117,427,428
Shafi'i rite, 111,204
Shah mat, 5
Shahadah, 47
Shahid, 112
Shajar al-Durr, 130
Shamans, 95
Shamir, Yitzhak, 281,394,395
Sham'un, Kamil, 315,316,318
Shari'a, 108,109,110, 111, 112,113,115,
116,229, 386,395. See also Legal
system
administrators of, 112-113
modern relevance of, 113-114
sources of, 110
Sufism and, 125
unifying influence of, 112-113
Shariat-Madari (ayatollah), 374
Sharifian rulers, 158
Sharifs,210,211
Sharm al-Shaykh, 314,324,331,415
Sharon, Ariel, 281,391,415,416,440
Shatila and Sabra massacre, 391,416,440
Shatt al-Arab waterway, 340,382,
403,436
Shaykh, 24,54
Shaykh al-Islam, 149, 227,230
al-Shaytan, 44
Sheba, 25
Shihab, Fuad, 320
Shi'i imams, of Hashimites, 68/
Shi'ism, 10,63,66,67,68/, 72, 76, 80,87,89,91,93,94,111,112,114,153.
See also Buyid dynasty; Fatimids
anticaliphate of, 88
Black Sheep Turcomans of, 137,152,153
Imams of, 68/
Isma'ilis of, 89
legal system of, 111
Persia and, 67
rebellions by, 67
Twelve-Imam Shi'is of, 89,94,153,159,
236,370
White Sheep Turcomans of, 137,152,153
Zayids of, 89
Shirkuh, 100
Shishakli,Adib,302
Shock and awe campaign, of
Iraq War, 437
Shrines, 74,243,299,415
ofMecca,26,30,33,34
Shi'i, 238
Shura, 59
Shuttle diplomacy, 353-354,356,359
Shu'ubiya, 82,93
Sicily, 83,97
Sidon, 300
Siffin,61
Sinai, 7, 8,103, 210,295,313,314,324,325,
330,342,343,344,347,348,349,
350,356, 358, 363,364,384,385,
386,387,389
Sinai Peninsula, 8,267,333
Sind, 74
Sipahis, 148,177
Sivas Congress, 227
Six Day War. See June 1967 War
Skanderbeg, 143
Slavery, 84,85,87,96,100,102,115,130,131-132,147,152,171,188
Slaves, 96,115. See also Ghaznavids;
Ghulams; Mamluks
Slavs, 162. See also Languages, Slavic;
Pan-Slavism