another that is connected to ground. In large speakers, each speaker is connected to the
different ground whereas in earphones both are connectedto a single ground wire connected to
a ring. These wires are insulated by a rubber coatingover it for safety and a grip is added to
help while plugging it. Also, the outer coating hasdesign over it to make it appealing.
When we go deep down under the part of the earphonethat we insert in our ears we see the
two wires mentioned earlier coiled around a metallicplate from which a plastic cone is bulging
out. This plastic cone is cone diaphragm and the metallicplate is a permanent magnet and the
whole apparatus is known as transducers. Generally,a transducer is a device which converts
electrical signal to physical signal. It works ina similar way here.
The coil around the cone acts as an electromagnetwhen current is passed through it. Music is
an oscillatory signal. So as the music oscillatesso as the current in the coil which makes the
strength of electromagnet vary. As the electromagnetis placed above a permanent magnet with
opposite polarity, depending on the strength of theelectromagnet the diaphragm moves to
cause the air near it to vibrate. And as we know thesound is produced by a pressure wave in
the medium, so this produces sound. Finally, thisvibration exists through a grill with holes large
enough so that the music can pass, but small enoughso that dust and earwax don’t enter the
earpiece to prevent it from damaging. As this grillis in contact with the ear, it is made sure that
the grill is soft enough and of high-quality materialso that it doesn’t damage the ear.
There are many different types of earphones/headphonesdepending on design and quality of
sound it produces but generally, they all work onthe same principle as defined earlier.
There are many different headphones with much differenttechnology introduced to enhance the
experience we have while listening to music.