necessarilyestablishthemythictimeofthepoem.Forexample,wefinddamīdanin
thepasttenseforrisingofthemetaphoricalsun:Guftamaybakhtbi-khusbīdīukhwurshīddamīd.(399:2)Isaid,fortune,yousleptlateandthesunarose.Ihavenotcheckedforthenearsynonymofbar āmadanornūr afkandan,and
soon,wherethesunissubject;however,thewordsforsun(āftābandkhwurshid;
shamsdoesnotoccurintheghazals)donotnecessarilyseemtospecifysunrise
asthepoetictimeofthepoemwherethesewordsoccurinthefirstlineofthe
ghazal.
However,thewordTul ̄. u‘,meaningsunrise,occursfourtimes,thoughsometimes
alsosaidofthemoonrise(110:3),sometimesofthesolarwineinthedawning-place
ofthedrinkingcup(288:3),andsometimesemployedinavirtuosicallyplayfulman-
ner,asinthisline(55:3):
Zimashriq-isar-ikū-yāftāb-iṭal‘at-itu
agarṭulū‘kunadṭāli‘amhumāyunast.Ifthesunofyourradiantcountenance,fromtheeastofthequarter
dawns,myastrologicalchartwillaugurroyal,auspicious.ThewordSab ̄. a.hoccurstwice,onceinthephraseharṣabāḥumasā(443:8),every
morningandevening,meaningsimply‘allthetime’.Intheotherincidence,how-
ever,ṣabāḥdoesactuallyhavearitual,oreventranscendent,semioticcharge,and
determinesthetime-frameofthepoem,situatingtheactionsinamythopoetic
realm(128:1):
Biāb-irawshan-imay‘ārifīṭahāratkard
‘ala‘ṣ-ṣabāhkimaykhānarāziyāratkard.Withthebrightwaterofwine,aGnosticmadeablutions
Whenatdawnhemadepilgrimagetothewinetavern.Thiswinepoemcontinueswithcelestialimagery,asfollows:
Hamānkisāghar-izarrīn-ikhwurnahāngardīd
hilāl-i‘aydbi-dawr-iqadaḥishāratkard
Khwushānamāzuniyāz-ikasīkiazsar-idard
biāb-idīdavakhūn-ijigarṭahāratkard
Birū-yiyārnaẓarkunzidīdaminnatdār
kikār-idīdahamaazsar-ibaṣāratkardḤāfiẓ’sRomanticImageryandLanguageofLove 269