270
Dilambiḥalqa-yizulfashbijānkharīdāshūb
chisūddīdnadānamkiīntijāratkard
Agarimām-ijamā‘atṭalabkunadimrūz
khabardahīdkiḤāfiẓbimayṭahāratkard.Assoonasthegoldengobletofthesundisappeared
Thefestivecrescentsignalledtosendthechalicearound
Howblessedtheprayersandsupplicationsofhimwhosepain
haswashedhimpurewithteardropsandheart’sblood
Lookonthefaceofthefriendandcountyourblessingsforyoureye–
Thatitconductedthebusinessoftheeyewithinsight
Myheartintheringletsofhishairboughtdisturbance,heartandsoul
Icannotimaginewhatprofititsawinthistransaction
IftheChiefPrayerLeadersummonsmetoday
Givehimthisexcuse:Ḥāfiẓhaspurifiedhimselfwithwine.Ofcourse,dawncanbeconjuredupwithoutactuallymentioningit,bysummoning
relatedelementsofthetopos,whichwepartiallyinventoryasfollows.
Theappearanceofthenightingaleoccurs49timesintheghazalsintheformof
theBulbul,andafurthersevenintheformof‘Andal ̄ıb.Variousothertermsfor
bird,someofwhichmayalsosignifythenightingale,occurintheghazals,suchas
murgh-i shab-khwān (twice), hazār (twice), and the generic murgh (57 times).
Obviously,notalltheseoccurrencesareatdawn,andthebirdsarenotalways
sweetlytwittering,butthereisoftenanassociation,implicitorexplicit,withthe
dawnandwiththerose(e.g.‘Atdawnthebirdofthemeadowsaidtothenewly
blossomed rose’. Ṣubḥdam murgh-i chaman bā gul-i naw-khāsta guft, 81: 1a).
Khurramshāhīidentifiesthefollowingcharacteristicswiththenightingale:heisnot
colourful,buthehasamelodicallypleasingsong,isextremelyeloquentandoften
singsghazals,andheisutterlyinlove.^36
Wemayaddthathesuffersinhislove(209:7):
barṭarf-igulshanamgudharuftādvaqt-iṣubḥ
āndamkikār-imurgh-ichamanāhunālabūd.Ipassedbytheborderofthegardenatthehourofmorning
atthemomentwhentheeffortsofthemeadow-birdweresighingand
lamenting.Inthefollowingghazalofsevenlines(456),thebulbulisonnearlyeverybranch:
Raftambibāghṣubḥdamītāchinamgulī
āmadbigūshnāgahamāvāz-ibulbulī
Miskīnchumanbi‘ishq-igulīgashtamubtalā
v-andarchamanfikandazifaryādghulghulīḤāfiẓandtheReligionofLoveinClassicalPersianPoetry